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Advanced Quantum Technologies

Nonreciprocal Remote Entanglement and Steering in a Driven‐Dissipative Photonic Network

Yaowu Guo, Lianzhen Cao, Jiaqiang Zhao

Published May 14, 2025• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract A novel scheme is introduced for achieving nonreciprocal remote quantum entanglement and steering within a driven‐dissipative photonic network. By uniquely coupling optical cavity arrays through a unidirectional bath, this approach innovatively generates robust quantum entanglement and asymmetric Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering among cavities at varying distances. This setup challenges the conventional characterization of multipartite quantum correlations and offers unprecedented control over quantum entanglement and steering in photonic systems. These key findings demonstrate that, contrary to short‐range entanglement which is enhanced by correlated length but weakened by stronger driving, long‐range entanglement stabilizes independently of coherence length. Additionally, it is uncovered that forward quantum steering is sensitive to correlated length, while reverse steering exhibits uniform spatial evolution, highlighting an inherent asymmetry in steering dynamics. The observed amplification of steering asymmetry with increasing driving amplitude further underscores the uniqueness of this approach. These findings open new avenues for leveraging quantum remote entanglement and steering in driven‐dissipative photonic networks and inspire the development of advanced integrated nonreciprocal quantum devices.

DOI
10.1002/qute.202500048

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Abstract A novel scheme is introduced for achieving nonreciprocal remote quantum entanglement and steering within a driven‐dissipative photonic network. By uniquely coupling optical cavity arrays through a unidirectional bath, this approach innovatively generates robust quantum entanglement and asymmetric Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering among cavities at varying distances. This setup challenges the conventional characterization of multipartite quantum correlations and offers unprecedented control over quantum entanglement and steering in photonic systems. These key findings demonstrate that, contrary to short‐range entanglement which is enhanced by correlated length but weakened by stronger driving, long‐range entanglement stabilizes independently of coherence length. Additionally, it is uncovered that forward quantum steering is sensitive to correlated length, while reverse steering exhibits uniform spatial evolution, highlighting an inherent asymmetry in steering dynamics. The observed amplification of steering asymmetry with increasing driving amplitude further underscores the uniqueness of this approach. These findings open new avenues for leveraging quantum remote entanglement and steering in driven‐dissipative photonic networks and inspire the development of advanced integrated nonreciprocal quantum devices.
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We study the dissipative dynamics and the formation of entangled states in a driven cascaded quantum network, where a cascaded double-cavity optomechanical system is coupled to a common unidirectional optical fiber. In terms of two coherent laser fields simultaneously driving the chiral coupling system, the entanglement can be effectively transferred from the light to two nanomechanical resonators (NMRs) through cavity modes based on the completely destructive interference of quantum noise. By adjusting the relative strength ratio of red- and blue-detuned pump lasers, it is found that the two NMRs can be driven into a mixed two-mode Gaussian entangled mechanical state rather than a non-Gaussian entangled dark state or a pure entangled dark state. If the frequency of the NMR is tuned to be much larger than the chiral coupled-cavity-chain damping rate, it is demonstrated that the chiral dissipative cascaded system can always realize one-way Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering from one mechanical oscillator to the other, while the reverse one-way EPR steering is impossible to obtain, and the reason for achieving asymmetric Gaussian steering is analyzed. Furthermore, a simple one-way EPR steering criterion based on two-photon correlation can be achieved for an arbitrary bipartite Gaussian state under the standard form of EPR steering, and the effect of mechanical thermal noise on the steering is also discussed. Moreover, the present chiral system can be realized with currently available experimental technology; therefore, we hope that it can be very helpful for potential applications in quantum computation and quantum communication.
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Abstract We introduce a novel scheme for achieving quantum entanglement and Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering between an atomic ensemble and a mechanical oscillator within a hybrid atom–optomechanical system. The system comprises an optical cavity, a two-level atomic ensemble and a mechanical resonator that possesses Duffing nonlinearity. The interaction between these components is mediated by the cavity mode, which is driven by an external laser. Our findings indicate that optimizing the coupling strengths between photons and phonons, as well as between atoms and the cavity, leads to maximal entanglement and EPR steering. The amplitude of the driving laser plays a pivotal role in enhancing the coupling between photons and phonons, and the system maintains robust entanglement and EPR steering even under high dissipation, thereby mitigating the constraints on initial conditions and parameter precision. Remarkably, the Duffing nonlinearity enhances the system’s resistance to thermal noise, ensuring its stability and entanglement protection. Our analysis of EPR steering conditions reveals that the party with lower dissipation exhibits superior stability and a propensity to steer the party with higher dissipation. These discoveries offer novel perspectives for advancing quantum information processing and communication technologies.
Abstract A scheme is proposed to prepare quantum entanglement and quantum steering between two indirectly coupled microwave cavity modes within a hybrid cavity magnonic system. The system consists of two microwave cavities individually coupled to a common YIG sphere driven by a two‐tone Floquet field, while the output field of the second microwave cavity is fed back into the input port of the first microwave cavity via a coherent feedback loop. Floquet driving can effectively generate two interactions between magnons and photons. Magnons with higher dissipation can serve as a cooling channel for the two cavity modes. Optimal quantum correlations between the cavity modes can be achieved when the competition between these two interactions reaches equilibrium. Subsequently, a comparative analysis is performed on the evolution of quantum correlation with and without coherent feedback, revealing that the presence of a coherent feedback loop in the system not only significantly enhances entanglement and steering but also induces inherent asymmetry in quantum steering regardless of the decay rates within subsystems. Moreover, under the influence of the coherent feedback loop, the enhanced quantum correlations exhibit increased robustness against rising environmental temperatures. This work significantly expands the validity of implementation and provides a promising avenue for the preparation of stable quantum correlations.
Abstract Quantum steering is a form of quantum correlation that exhibits an inherent asymmetry, distinguishing it from entanglement and Bell nonlocality. It is now understood that quantum steering plays a pivotal role in asymmetric quantum information tasks. In this work, a scheme is proposed to generate asymmetric steering between two mechanical modes by transferring quantum coherence from a correlated‐emission laser. To accomplish this, quantum Langevin equations is derived to describe the optomechanical coupling between two cavity modes and two mechanical modes along with the master equation of two‐mode laser. By examining the case where the cavity modes scatter at the anti‐Stokes sidebands, it is demonstrated that both two‐way and one‐way steering can be achieved by adjusting the strength of the field driving the gain medium of the laser. Furthermore, it is showed that the direction of one‐way steering can be controlled by varying the temperatures of the mechanical baths or the strengths of the optomechanical couplings. Additionally, it is revealed that the directionality of one‐way steering depends on the modes fluctuation levels of the modes, with the mode exhibiting larger fluctuations determining the direction. This highly controllable scheme could potentially be realized with current technology, offering a promising platform for implementing one‐way quantum information tasks.