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Advanced Quantum Technologies

Controlling Remote Entanglement and One‐Way Steering Via a Squeezed Vacuum Field and an Optical Parametric Amplifier

Jing‐Nan Wei, Tie Wang, Shou Zhang, Hong‐Fu Wang

Published Jan 16, 2024• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract A scheme is proposed for generating remote entanglement and one‐way Einstein‐Podolsky‐Rosen (EPR) steering between two mechanical resonators in a cavity optomechanical system. Both mechanical resonators are coupled to a common cavity, which contains an optical parametric amplifier (OPA) and is driven by a squeezed vacuum field. The entanglement and EPR steering can be generated by the squeezed vacuum field and significantly enhanced by the gain of OPA. By manipulating the ratio of two effective optomechanical coupling strengths, the asymmetric EPR steering with excellent controllability on the direction, even the one‐way EPR steering can be achieved. Moreover, both the squeezed vacuum field and the OPA can effectively enhance the robustness of EPR steering against the environment temperature, and the temperature‐dependent one‐way EPR steering is explored. This work paves the way toward generating macroscopic mechanical entanglement and EPR steering with potential applications in quantum information processing.

DOI
10.1002/qute.202300374

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Abstract A scheme is proposed for generating remote entanglement and one‐way Einstein‐Podolsky‐Rosen (EPR) steering between two mechanical resonators in a cavity optomechanical system. Both mechanical resonators are coupled to a common cavity, which contains an optical parametric amplifier (OPA) and is driven by a squeezed vacuum field. The entanglement and EPR steering can be generated by the squeezed vacuum field and significantly enhanced by the gain of OPA. By manipulating the ratio of two effective optomechanical coupling strengths, the asymmetric EPR steering with excellent controllability on the direction, even the one‐way EPR steering can be achieved. Moreover, both the squeezed vacuum field and the OPA can effectively enhance the robustness of EPR steering against the environment temperature, and the temperature‐dependent one‐way EPR steering is explored. This work paves the way toward generating macroscopic mechanical entanglement and EPR steering with potential applications in quantum information processing.
We consider a three-mode optomechanical system in which two mechanical oscillators are independently coupled to a cavity mode driven by two controllable lasers. By controlling the two-tone driving, one can prepare the entanglement and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering of two mechanical modes, in which the cavity mode acts as a single reservoir to cool two Bogoliubov modes. We find that the direction of EPR steering can be manipulated effectively by adjusting the damping rates and the thermal noises of two mechanical modes. In addition, we show that the entanglement and EPR steering between two mechanical modes can be enhanced by adding a parametric amplifier (PA) into the cavity. The effects of the strength and phase of the PA on the mechanical entanglement and EPR steering are analyzed and discussed in detail. Meanwhile, the additional PA can also expand the region of the one-way steering and strengthen the robustness of the entanglement and EPR steering against the thermal noise. The present scheme may provide effective resources for quantum information processing.
Quantum entanglement and Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering are valuable resources in quantum information processing. How to enhance the quantum entanglement and EPR steering of coupled optomechanical systems with a weak squeezed vacuum field is studied when the displacement of detuning induced by the mechanical mode is considered. Compared with the condition that the system interacts with a vacuum environment, the quantum entanglement and EPR steering are stronger when the squeezed vacuum field is applied. A squeezed vacuum field with a large degree is not beneficial to enhance the quantum entanglement and EPR steering. Rather than the squeezing parameter of the squeezed vacuum field, the reference phase plays a vital role in this model.
We propose a scheme to manipulate entanglement and the direction of asymmetric Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering between two interacting bosonic modes in a nonlinear optical apparatus, in which a pumped Fabry-P\'erot cavity system containing two nonlinear waveguides is coupled to two feedback loops. It is found that Markovian feedback plays a key role in controlling both entanglement and EPR steering, the maximal entanglement can only be achieved through two symmetric feedback loops, while one-way EPR steering can only occur when both asymmetric feedback loops and an unbalanced beam-splitter are satisfied simultaneously. Furthermore, in terms of an unequal beam-splitter and two different feedback loops, it is demonstrated that the directionality and extent of the asymmetric EPR steering can be readily controlled under certain conditions. A simple and sufficient condition is also revealed for generating two-way EPR steering. Moreover, the entanglement and EPR steering can be effectively enhanced by performing Markovian feedback. In addition, By choosing appropriate feedback strengths, two cavity modes can be driven into a pure two-mode squeezed vacuum state rather than a mixed two-mode Gaussian entangled state or a pure entangled dark state. We hope the proposed scheme will enhance our understanding of the fundamental asymmetry of EPR steering, and it may have potential applications in quantum computation and quantum communication.
Abstract We propose a scheme for generating thermal-noise-resistant entanglement and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering in a multimode optomechanical system by breaking the dark mode effect. Here, the dark mode is broken by coupling an auxiliary cavity to one of the mechanical modes. Under this condition, strong entanglement and one-way EPR steering between two mechanical modes are achieved through the cooperative interaction of an optical parametric amplifier and a squeezed vacuum field. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that breaking the dark mode effect significantly enhances the robustness of steady-state entanglement and asymmetric EPR steering against thermal noise. We further provide a physical interpretation of the generation and suppression of the dark mode effect. This work offers a promising approach for creating macroscopic quantum resources that are resistant to noise, with potential applications in quantum information processing.
We propose a theoretical project in which quantum squeezing induces quantum entanglement and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering in a coupled whispering-gallery-mode optomechanical system. Through pumping the χ (2) -nonlinear resonator with the phase matching condition, the generated squeezed resonator mode and the mechanical mode of the optomechanical resonator can generate strong quantum entanglement and EPR steering, where the squeezing of the nonlinear resonator plays the vital role. The transitions from zero entanglement to strong entanglement and one-way steering to two-way steering can be realized by adjusting the system parameters appropriately. The photon-photon entanglement and steering between the two resonators can also be obtained by deducing the amplitude of the driving laser. Our project does not need an extraordinarily squeezed field, and it is convenient to manipulate and provides a novel and flexible avenue for diverse applications in quantum technology dependent on both optomechanical and photon-photon entanglement and steering.
Abstract We introduce a novel scheme for achieving quantum entanglement and Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering between an atomic ensemble and a mechanical oscillator within a hybrid atom–optomechanical system. The system comprises an optical cavity, a two-level atomic ensemble and a mechanical resonator that possesses Duffing nonlinearity. The interaction between these components is mediated by the cavity mode, which is driven by an external laser. Our findings indicate that optimizing the coupling strengths between photons and phonons, as well as between atoms and the cavity, leads to maximal entanglement and EPR steering. The amplitude of the driving laser plays a pivotal role in enhancing the coupling between photons and phonons, and the system maintains robust entanglement and EPR steering even under high dissipation, thereby mitigating the constraints on initial conditions and parameter precision. Remarkably, the Duffing nonlinearity enhances the system’s resistance to thermal noise, ensuring its stability and entanglement protection. Our analysis of EPR steering conditions reveals that the party with lower dissipation exhibits superior stability and a propensity to steer the party with higher dissipation. These discoveries offer novel perspectives for advancing quantum information processing and communication technologies.