Quantum mechanics has ruled the sub-atomic realm for over a century, asserting that the laws governing sub-atomic particles differ from those prevailing at the macro level. The implementation of wave-particle duality, the Schrodinger wave equation and its associated wave-function have eclipsed all other schools of thought with regard to the sub-atomic realm. Now Augmented Newtonian Dynamics (AND), challenges this outlook and implements Newtonian Dynamics at the sub-atomic level by stating that photons are not created externally to the electron as excitations of the electromagnetic field but rather are produced internally within the electron as a means of mediating its energy. This new paradigm of photon production enables the production and emission of photons at rates that comply with the latest findings through the observation of optical atomic clocks indicating that electrons emit photons in the hundreds of trillions per second. This has enabled the explanation of every branch of physics, not through the inaccurate, and esoteric implementation of wave-functions but through the easily understood and calculable classical physics paradigms. In this paper the conduction of electricity and the formation of radio-waves is discussed.
Quantum mechanics has ruled the sub-atomic realm for over a century, asserting that the laws governing sub-atomic particles differ from those prevailing at the macro level. The implementation of wave-particle duality, the Schrodinger wave equation and its associated wave-function have eclipsed all other schools of thought with regard to the sub-atomic realm. Now Augmented Newtonian Dynamics (AND), challenges this outlook and implements Newtonian Dynamics at the sub-atomic level by stating that photons are not created externally to the electron as excitations of the electromagnetic field but rather are produced internally within the electron as a means of mediating its energy. This new paradigm of photon production enables the production and emission of photons at rates that comply with the latest findings through the observation of optical atomic clocks indicating that electrons emit photons in the hundreds of trillions per second. This has enabled the explanation of every branch of physics, not through the inaccurate, and esoteric implementation of wave-functions but through the easily understood and calculable classical physics paradigms. In this paper the conduction of electricity and the formation of radio-waves is discussed.
This paper presents a novel model of the electron according to Augmented Newtonian Dynamics, extending Newtonian dynamics into the sub-atomic level. The paper challenges the conventional understanding of quantum mechanics, particularly the wave-particle duality and the resulting wave-function paradigm. It begins by critiquing the historical adoption of duality to resolve issues like the radiative instability of electrons in atomic orbits, as highlighted by the Larmor formula. The author contends that while duality helped stabilize atomic models, experimental evidence—such as the Lamb shift—indicates that the electron can be more accurately described without invoking wave-particle duality. The proposed model describes the electron as a stable, solid particle that regulates its energy around the nucleus by continually emitting and absorbing virtual photons and in this way self- regulating its energy and preventing it from falling into the nucleus through a dissipation of its energy through radiation. The paper introduces the concept of zero energy in a nuanced and regulated manner showing that it occupies the whole of the Universe. This network, termed the virtual photon field or dark matter (aether), permeates all of space and plays a fundamental role in electromagnetic radiation and gravity.
Despite its successes, quantum mechanics (QM) has remained mysterious to all who have encountered it. Starting with Bohr and progressing into the present, the departure from intuitive, physical reality has widened. The connection between QM and reality is more than just a “philosophical” issue. It reveals that QM is not a correct or complete theory of the physical world and that inescapable internal inconsistencies and incongruities arise when attempts are made to treat it as physical as opposed to a purely mathematical “tool.” Some of these issues are discussed in a review by F. Laloe [Am. J. Phys. 69, 655 (2001)]. In an attempt to provide some physical insight into atomic problems and starting with the same essential physics as Bohr of e moving in the Coulombic field of the proton and the wave equation as modified by Schrodinger, a classical approach is explored that yields a remarkably accurate model and provides insight into physics on the atomic level. The proverbial view, deeply seated in the wave-particle duality notion, that there is no large-scale physical counterpart to the nature of the electron may not be correct. Physical laws and intuition may be restored when dealing with the wave equation and quantummechanical problems. Specifically, a theory of classical quantum mechanics (CQM) is derived from first principles that successfully applies physical laws on all scales. Rather than using the postulated Schrodinger boundary condition “Ψ → 0 as r → ∞,” which leads to a purely mathematical model of the electron, the constraint is based on experimental observation. Using Maxwell’s equations, the classical wave equation is solved with the constraint that the bound (n = 1)state electron cannot radiate energy. By further application of Maxwell’s equations to electromagnetic and gravitational fields at particle production, the Schwarzschild metric is derived from the classical wave equation, which modifies general relativity to include conservation of spacetime in addition to momentum and matter/energy. The result gives a natural relationship among Maxwell’s equations, special relativity, and general relativity. CQM holds over a scale of spacetime of 85 orders of magnitude — it correctly predicts the nature of the universe from the scale of the quarks to that of the cosmos. A review is given by G. Landvogt [Internat. J. Hydrogen Energy 28, 1155 (2003)].
This paper proposes a new theoretical framework, within Augmented Newtonian Dynamics (AND), for describing atomic structure and spectral emission without invoking quantum jumps or probabilistic transitions. According to AND theory, atoms consist of well-defined shells and orbitals determined by energy balance between the nucleus and electrons. Stable orbitals do not emit or absorb radiation. Electrons in stable orbitals do however undergo continuous self-interactions via virtual photons to ensure orbital stability, they do not emit or absorb real photons. Only atoms with unpaired (odd) electrons exhibit photon emission or absorption, which occurs deterministically in accordance with precise energy matching. Recoil of the electron off the nucleus and strict conservation of energy and momentum ensure that photon absorption and re-emission obey directional laws analogous to optics. The theory is presented as a response to the inadequacies of spontaneous emission theory in the face of ultra-high-precision technologies such as optical atomic clocks and GHz-range quantum processors.
Semi-relativistic N-body quantum mechanics of electrons and photons, with fixed nuclei
It is argued that by the end of the 1920s a quantum-mechanical model could have been in place, that not only produces the atomic and molecular energy levels of the many-body Pauli equation with Coulomb interactions and external classical electro- and magneto-static fields without putting these interactions in by hand, but that also accurately describes the interaction of charged particles with electromagnetic radiation, in particular the transitions between atomic or molecular energy levels associated with emission or absorption of radiation. This model suggests a re-interpretation of Maxwell's electromagnetic field equations on spacetime as quantum-mechanical expected values of wave equations on time X configuration space for photons and electrons. The creation / annihilation formalism for photons emerges without invoking second-quantizing the classical Maxwell equations, and without involving the concept of creation / annihilation, thus suggesting an alternative physical interpretation of this formalism. Furthermore, the model suggests that Lorentz covariance of macroscopic physics models emerges through a law of large numbers from a fundamental microscopic model that is not itself Lorentz covariant.
We describe electromagnetic energy as a follow up to the author’s THE ANTI-NEUTRON MODEL OF THE ATOM. See www.k1man.com/c2 We identify the exact source and reason for “quantum” in quantum mechanics. A radio wave is continuous emissions, while light, X, and gamma are discrete because of the sudden deceleration of the electrons (inside the atom) when quickly stopping and thus generating electromagnetic emissions as electrons change energy states within the atom or inside the nucleus. That would explain a lot! Those bursts of electromagnetic energy are the photon (Planck/Einstein) bundles of energy, quite different from a mostly continuous (but kind of sudden accelerations/decelerations at the positive and negative peaks) of radio waves. But how do the photons interfere with one another? And how do the photons diffract? Quite important is the general view of E = MC^2, which the author has disproved as a general law for ALL matter in www.k1man.com/c1 E = MC^2 is/might be approximate for annihilation, as described in www.k1man.com/c2 This new approach will better address the particle wave duality quantum mechanics mystery.
This paper is part of a series exploring the interaction of light with matter across a wide range of physical forms. It proposes a unified, classically grounded alternative to modern quantum theory, known as Augmented Newtonian Dynamics (AND) Theory. While the Standard Model and Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) rely heavily on abstract constructs-such as wavefunctions, virtual particles, and uncertainty-AND Theory seeks to restore physical clarity through a continuous, deterministic framework rooted in observable mechanisms. In AND Theory, electrons are treated as real, self-regulating entities that emit and absorb photons to maintain energy equilibrium. These interactions take place within a structured field of virtual photons-identified with dark matter-which serves as the universal medium for electromagnetic and gravitational processes. Rather than invoking virtual particles as ad hoc solutions, AND Theory integrates them into a coherent picture of energy exchange that never departs from empirical logic or classical principles. This paper applies the AND framework to a comparative analysis of how heat and radiation interact with different classes of matter, including metals, insulators, and organic materials. The result is a compelling alternative to the prevailing quantum paradigm-one that offers simplicity, consistency, and a return to physically intelligible science.