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IEEE International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT)

Robust Secure Transmission Design for RIS-Aided MISO-NOMA System with Hardware Impairments and Imperfect CSI

Chenyan Xiao, Fei Du, Dacai Wei, Xiaoqing Wang, Xiongwen Zhao

Published Oct 20, 2023• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Hardware impairments (HWI) and the channel state information (CSI) estimation errors inevitably degrade the security performance of the communication system. In this work, we explore a robust beamforming solution for a reconfigurable intelligence surface (RIS)-assisted multiple-input single-output (MISO) multi-user secure network under HWI and imperfect CSI. Artificial noise (AN) is designed to jam eavesdroppers while non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is employed to suppress the interference between legitimate users. Aimed at maximizing secrecy sum rate, the active beamforming with AN at the BS and the passive beamforming at the RIS are jointly optimized. The nonconvex optimization problem is handled using the semi-definite relaxation (SDR), where the eavesdropper's channel uncertainty is tackled by the S-procedure. Then the multi-variable coupling problem is decomposed into two sub-problems and three blocks of variables are alternately optimized using the block coordinate descent (BCD) method. The results suggest that the developed scheme outperforms the benchmark ones in terms of security and resistance to HWI.

DOI
10.1109/icct59356.2023.10419403

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Hardware impairments (HWI) and the channel state information (CSI) estimation errors inevitably degrade the security performance of the communication system. In this work, we explore a robust beamforming solution for a reconfigurable intelligence surface (RIS)-assisted multiple-input single-output (MISO) multi-user secure network under HWI and imperfect CSI. Artificial noise (AN) is designed to jam eavesdroppers while non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is employed to suppress the interference between legitimate users. Aimed at maximizing secrecy sum rate, the active beamforming with AN at the BS and the passive beamforming at the RIS are jointly optimized. The nonconvex optimization problem is handled using the semi-definite relaxation (SDR), where the eavesdropper's channel uncertainty is tackled by the S-procedure. Then the multi-variable coupling problem is decomposed into two sub-problems and three blocks of variables are alternately optimized using the block coordinate descent (BCD) method. The results suggest that the developed scheme outperforms the benchmark ones in terms of security and resistance to HWI.
This paper investigates the integration of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) into a secure multiuser massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system in the presence of transceiver hardware impairments (HWI), imperfect channel state information (CSI), and spatially correlated channels. We first introduce a linear minimum-mean-square error estimation algorithm for the aggregate channel by considering the impact of transceiver HWI and RIS phase-shift errors. Then, we derive a lower bound for the achievable ergodic secrecy rate in the presence of a multi-antenna eavesdropper when artificial noise (AN) is employed at the base station (BS). In addition, the obtained expressions of the ergodic secrecy rate are further simplified in some noteworthy special cases to obtain valuable insights. To counteract the effects of HWI, we present a power allocation optimization strategy between the confidential signals and AN, which admits a fixed-point equation solution. Our analysis reveals that a non-zero ergodic secrecy rate is preserved if the total transmit power decreases no faster than 1/N, whereNis the number of RIS elements. Moreover, the ergodic secrecy rate grows logarithmically with the number of BS antennasMand approaches a certain limit in the asymptotic regimeN→ ∞. Simulation results are provided to verify the derived analytical results. They reveal the impact of key design parameters on the secrecy rate. It is shown that, with the proposed power allocation strategy, the secrecy rate loss due to HWI can be counteracted by increasing the number of low-cost RIS elements.
This paper studies the secure transmission for downlink multiple-input single-output (MISO) non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system in which imperfect channel state information (CSI) of the eavesdropper links is considered. We propose the novel robust beamforming strategies for the direct transmission NOMA (DT NOMA) and cooperative jamming NOMA (CJ NOMA) with a helper. We formulate our problem as the worst-case sum power minimization subject to secrecy rate constraint. The semidefinite relaxation (SDR) method is firstly applied to relax the quadratic terms and rank-one optimality is proved. Then an iterative algorithm based on successive convex approximation (SCA) is proposed to transform the nonconvex problem into convex approximations. Simulation results show that both the proposed NOMA schemes outperform the orthogonal multiple scheme, and CJ NOMA scheme can achieve much better system performance gain than DT NOMA scheme.
As for the time-division communications system, the pilot spoofing attack (PSA) technique is maliciously utilized by active eavesdroppers during the uplink training phase, for contaminating the legitimate channel estimation and thus altering the beamforming design towards the eavesdroppers. Nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been recognized as the key technology for the envisioned Internet of Things (IoT) networks. In order to prevent the aforementioned information leakage in NOMA-IoT systems, we develop a novel two-way training scheme to detect PSA and a robust secure beamforming design for providing secure transmission, by utilizing the emerging technique of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), which is turned off during the uplink training phase and turned on during the downlink training phase, respectively. Considering that the perfect channel state information related to the eavesdropping channel is typically difficult to obtain, a secrecy outage probability-constrained robust secure beamforming design is proposed to maximize the achievable sum secrecy rate of the legitimate users, by alternatively optimizing the active beamforming and RIS passive beamforming, while satisfying the requirements of the NOMA transmission. Elaborate simulation results reveal that the proposed detection method attains a super PSA detection performance and the proposed robust secure beamforming design is capable of efficiently enhancing the achievable sum secrecy rate, compared with various benchmark schemes.
In this paper, we consider max-min fairness for a downlink two-user multi-input single-output (MISO) system with imperfect channel state information available at transmitter (CSIT) taking into account the total power constraint and the physical layer security. Considering the worst-case channel uncertainty for a potential eavesdropper (PE), we study the robust secure beamforming algorithm design which maximizes the minimum achieved worst-case secrecy rate among single-antenna legitimate users. In contrast to existing schemes adopted in the literatures, we propose a rather unorthodox rate splitting (RS) scheme which advocates the dual use of a common message serving both as a desired message and artificial noise (AN) for legitimate users and the PE, respectively. The algorithm design is formulated as a non-convex optimization problem which is generally intractable. As a compromise approach, we apply the successive convex approximation (SCA) method which facilitates the design of a low-complexity suboptimal iterative algorithm. In each iteration, a rank-constrained semi-definite program (SDP) is solved optimally by SDP relaxation (SDR). Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed robust secure beamforming scheme in the MISO-RS secure transmission system outperforms that of the non-robust counterpart. Moreover, our results also unveil that the proposed RS scheme can achieve a superior performance compared to the existing non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) schemes and the traditional scheme.
Abstract This paper investigates a cooperative beamforming (BF) and jamming schemes in active reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted secure communication network, where an active RIS perform reflecting BF and a friendly jammer transmits jamming signal to enhance the security. Specifically, we consider a secrecy rate maximization problem under specific power constraints by assuming that perfect channel state information (CSI) of the eavesdroppers (Eves) can be obtained by the transmitter (Alice). Using the semidefinite relaxation (SDR) and CharnesCooper transformation, we address this problem by performing a one-dimensional search which involves solving a sequence of semidefinite programs (SDPs). For more practical scenario that perfect CSI of the Eves can not be obtained by Alice, a robust joint design of BF and jamming is proposed and the worst-case secrecy rate optimization is solved by using the S-procedure and its extension. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the performance gains of the proposed designs.
The reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) aided non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) network is applied to improve spectral efficiency and energy efficiency of wireless systems. Due to the incorporation of NOMA, RIS-aided NOMA system suffers from physical layer security (PLS) problem when an internal near user (NU) is the eavesdropper. In this case, it is difficult to always guarantee positive secrecy rate. Therefore, a scheme of artificial noise (AN) cooperative jamming and beamforming design is proposed against internal eavesdropper for RIS-aided NOMA in this paper. It is proved theoretically that the positive secrecy rate can be guaranteed if providing sufficient power. In addition, the power allocation of base station is further studied to minimize the total power consumption under the constraints of data rate and secrecy rate, and the closed-form solutions are achieved. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed scheme is superior to the existing solutions.