Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

IEEE Internet of Things Journal

Secure RIS-Aided MISO-NOMA System Design in the Presence of Active Eavesdropping

Lingyun Chai, Lin Bai, Tong Bai, Jia Dong Shi, Arumugam Nallanathan

Published Apr 5, 2023• 31 citations
Publisher

Abstract

As for the time-division communications system, the pilot spoofing attack (PSA) technique is maliciously utilized by active eavesdroppers during the uplink training phase, for contaminating the legitimate channel estimation and thus altering the beamforming design towards the eavesdroppers. Nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been recognized as the key technology for the envisioned Internet of Things (IoT) networks. In order to prevent the aforementioned information leakage in NOMA-IoT systems, we develop a novel two-way training scheme to detect PSA and a robust secure beamforming design for providing secure transmission, by utilizing the emerging technique of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), which is turned off during the uplink training phase and turned on during the downlink training phase, respectively. Considering that the perfect channel state information related to the eavesdropping channel is typically difficult to obtain, a secrecy outage probability-constrained robust secure beamforming design is proposed to maximize the achievable sum secrecy rate of the legitimate users, by alternatively optimizing the active beamforming and RIS passive beamforming, while satisfying the requirements of the NOMA transmission. Elaborate simulation results reveal that the proposed detection method attains a super PSA detection performance and the proposed robust secure beamforming design is capable of efficiently enhancing the achievable sum secrecy rate, compared with various benchmark schemes.

DOI
10.1109/jiot.2023.3264679

Related papers

RIS-Aided Robust Secure Beamforming Design Against Pilot Spoofing Attack

Lingyun Chai, Tong Bai, Lin Bai

The pilot spoofing attack is one kind of active eavesdropping activities conducted by an adversary during the channel training phase, which manipulates the channel estimation outcome and brings new challenges to physical layer secure transmission. In this paper, we propose a novel two-way training-based scheme to detect the pilot spoofing attack where the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is turned off in the uplink training phase and turned on in the downlink training phase, respectively. Furthermore, based on the estimated and statistical channel state information of the legitimate and eavesdropping links, we propose the secrecy outage probability constrained robust secure beamforming design with the assistance of RIS. The active beamforming and RIS passive beamforming are jointly optimized based on the alternating optimization algorithm to maximize the achievable secrecy rate of the legitimate user. Finally, simulation results show that our proposed RIS-aided robust secure beamforming design is capable of efficiently improving the achievable secrecy rate compared with different baseline schemes.

International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP)•Nov 1, 2022•2 citations

Robust Secure Transmission Design for RIS-Aided MISO-NOMA System with Hardware Impairments and Imperfect CSI

Chenyan Xiao, Fei Du, Dacai Wei +2 more

Hardware impairments (HWI) and the channel state information (CSI) estimation errors inevitably degrade the security performance of the communication system. In this work, we explore a robust beamforming solution for a reconfigurable intelligence surface (RIS)-assisted multiple-input single-output (MISO) multi-user secure network under HWI and imperfect CSI. Artificial noise (AN) is designed to jam eavesdroppers while non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is employed to suppress the interference between legitimate users. Aimed at maximizing secrecy sum rate, the active beamforming with AN at the BS and the passive beamforming at the RIS are jointly optimized. The nonconvex optimization problem is handled using the semi-definite relaxation (SDR), where the eavesdropper's channel uncertainty is tackled by the S-procedure. Then the multi-variable coupling problem is decomposed into two sub-problems and three blocks of variables are alternately optimized using the block coordinate descent (BCD) method. The results suggest that the developed scheme outperforms the benchmark ones in terms of security and resistance to HWI.

IEEE International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT)•Oct 20, 2023•2 citations

Robust Secure Design for RIS-Aided NOMA Network Against Internal Near-End Eavesdropping

Chengjun Jiang, Chensi Zhang, Peili Hao +2 more

The reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) aided non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) network is applied to improve spectral efficiency and energy efficiency of wireless systems. Due to the incorporation of NOMA, RIS-aided NOMA system suffers from physical layer security (PLS) problem when an internal near user (NU) is the eavesdropper. In this case, it is difficult to always guarantee positive secrecy rate. Therefore, a scheme of artificial noise (AN) cooperative jamming and beamforming design is proposed against internal eavesdropper for RIS-aided NOMA in this paper. It is proved theoretically that the positive secrecy rate can be guaranteed if providing sufficient power. In addition, the power allocation of base station is further studied to minimize the total power consumption under the constraints of data rate and secrecy rate, and the closed-form solutions are achieved. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed scheme is superior to the existing solutions.

IEEE Access•Jan 1, 2021•13 citations

Uplink Secrecy in RIS-Aided MIMO-NOMA Networks with User-Centric Artificial Noise

Moh. Khalid Hasan, Shucheng Yu, Min Song

This paper investigates the uplink secrecy performance of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided multiple-input multiple-output non-orthogonal multiple access (MIMO-NOMA) network. In the proposed system model, users communicate with the base station (BS) via a strategically partitioned RIS. However, a silent passive eavesdropper overhears the data through a direct link. As part of the proposed security design, we propose a user-centric artificial noise (AN) transmission strategy that degrades the decoding ability of the eavesdropper without sacrificing the power budget. The AN is nullified in the composite channel utilizing singular value decomposition. After analyzing the channel statistics, which consider all channels experiencing Nakagami-$m$fading, we derive theoretical closed-form expressions for the ergodic secrecy rate (ESR) for each user in the NOMA pair using Gauss-Chebyshev quadrature and Taylor-Maclaurin expansions. Monte Carlo simulations validate the correctness of our analysis. The numerical results confirm that our proposed scheme consistently achieves a positive ESR. We also explore the impact of channel fading and RIS-partitioning ratio on the uplink ESR and comment on optimal power allocation. Notably, the results also confirm that the proposed system outperforms the benchmark MIMOorthogonal multiple access-based scheme.

International Conference on Communications•Jun 8, 2025•0 citations

Secure Beamforming Design in Relay-Assisted Internet of Things

Pingmu Huang, Yunqin Hao, Tiejun Lv +3 more

A secure downlink transmission system which is exposed to multiple eavesdroppers and is appropriate for Internet of Things (IoT) applications is considered. A worst case scenario is assumed, in the sense that, in order to enhance their interception ability all eavesdroppers are located close to each other, near the controller and collude to form joint receive beamforming. For such a system, a novel cooperative nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) secure transmission scheme for which an IoT device with a stronger channel condition acts as an energy harvesting relay in order to assist a second IoT device operating under weaker channel conditions, is proposed and its performance is analyzed and evaluated. A secrecy sum rate (SSR) maximization problem is formulated and solved under three constraints: 1) transmit power; 2) successive interference cancellation; and 3) quality of service. By considering both passive and active eavesdroppers scenarios, two optimization schemes are proposed to improve the overall system SSR. On the one hand, for the passive eavesdropper scenario, an artificial noise-aided secure beamforming scheme is proposed. Since this optimization problem is nonconvex, instead of using traditional but highly complex, brute-force 2-D search, it is conveniently transformed into a convex one by using an epigraph reformulation. On the other hand, for the active multiantennas eavesdroppers’ scenario, the orthogonal-projection-based beamforming scheme is considered, and by employing the successive convex approximation method, a suboptimal solution is proposed. Furthermore, since for single antenna transmission the orthogonal-projection-based scheme may not be applicable a simple power control scheme is proposed. Various performance evaluation results obtained by means of computer simulations have verified that the proposed schemes outperform other benchmark schemes in terms of SSR performance.

arXiv:1905.06383•IEEE Internet of Things Journal•Apr 2, 2019•43 citations

Improper Gaussian Signaling for Secrecy Transmission in RIS-Aided Downlink NOMA

Honglei Jin, Zhe Li, Jide Yuan +1 more

This letter investigates the physical layer security of a downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system aided by a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), where artificial noise (AN) is introduced to confuse the eavesdropper. To enhance secrecy, we employ improper Gaussian signaling (IGS) to alleviate the influence of AN on legitimate users. This is formulated as a sum secrecy rate maximization problem, where the reflecting coefficients of RIS and transmit covariance matrices of legitimate users and eavesdroppers are jointly optimized. An alternating optimization framework aided by the minorization-maximization method is adopted to address this non-convex optimization problem. Numerical results show that IGS significantly outperforms proper Gaussian signaling in improving the secrecy performance of RIS-aided NOMA systems, and such a secrecy advantage is more pronounced in RIS-aided NOMA than in traditional NOMA.

IEEE Communications Letters•Nov 7, 2024•1 citation
As for the time-division communications system, the pilot spoofing attack (PSA) technique is maliciously utilized by active eavesdroppers during the uplink training phase, for contaminating the legitimate channel estimation and thus altering the beamforming design towards the eavesdroppers. Nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been recognized as the key technology for the envisioned Internet of Things (IoT) networks. In order to prevent the aforementioned information leakage in NOMA-IoT systems, we develop a novel two-way training scheme to detect PSA and a robust secure beamforming design for providing secure transmission, by utilizing the emerging technique of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), which is turned off during the uplink training phase and turned on during the downlink training phase, respectively. Considering that the perfect channel state information related to the eavesdropping channel is typically difficult to obtain, a secrecy outage probability-constrained robust secure beamforming design is proposed to maximize the achievable sum secrecy rate of the legitimate users, by alternatively optimizing the active beamforming and RIS passive beamforming, while satisfying the requirements of the NOMA transmission. Elaborate simulation results reveal that the proposed detection method attains a super PSA detection performance and the proposed robust secure beamforming design is capable of efficiently enhancing the achievable sum secrecy rate, compared with various benchmark schemes.
The pilot spoofing attack is one kind of active eavesdropping activities conducted by an adversary during the channel training phase, which manipulates the channel estimation outcome and brings new challenges to physical layer secure transmission. In this paper, we propose a novel two-way training-based scheme to detect the pilot spoofing attack where the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is turned off in the uplink training phase and turned on in the downlink training phase, respectively. Furthermore, based on the estimated and statistical channel state information of the legitimate and eavesdropping links, we propose the secrecy outage probability constrained robust secure beamforming design with the assistance of RIS. The active beamforming and RIS passive beamforming are jointly optimized based on the alternating optimization algorithm to maximize the achievable secrecy rate of the legitimate user. Finally, simulation results show that our proposed RIS-aided robust secure beamforming design is capable of efficiently improving the achievable secrecy rate compared with different baseline schemes.
Hardware impairments (HWI) and the channel state information (CSI) estimation errors inevitably degrade the security performance of the communication system. In this work, we explore a robust beamforming solution for a reconfigurable intelligence surface (RIS)-assisted multiple-input single-output (MISO) multi-user secure network under HWI and imperfect CSI. Artificial noise (AN) is designed to jam eavesdroppers while non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is employed to suppress the interference between legitimate users. Aimed at maximizing secrecy sum rate, the active beamforming with AN at the BS and the passive beamforming at the RIS are jointly optimized. The nonconvex optimization problem is handled using the semi-definite relaxation (SDR), where the eavesdropper's channel uncertainty is tackled by the S-procedure. Then the multi-variable coupling problem is decomposed into two sub-problems and three blocks of variables are alternately optimized using the block coordinate descent (BCD) method. The results suggest that the developed scheme outperforms the benchmark ones in terms of security and resistance to HWI.
The reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) aided non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) network is applied to improve spectral efficiency and energy efficiency of wireless systems. Due to the incorporation of NOMA, RIS-aided NOMA system suffers from physical layer security (PLS) problem when an internal near user (NU) is the eavesdropper. In this case, it is difficult to always guarantee positive secrecy rate. Therefore, a scheme of artificial noise (AN) cooperative jamming and beamforming design is proposed against internal eavesdropper for RIS-aided NOMA in this paper. It is proved theoretically that the positive secrecy rate can be guaranteed if providing sufficient power. In addition, the power allocation of base station is further studied to minimize the total power consumption under the constraints of data rate and secrecy rate, and the closed-form solutions are achieved. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed scheme is superior to the existing solutions.
This paper investigates the uplink secrecy performance of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided multiple-input multiple-output non-orthogonal multiple access (MIMO-NOMA) network. In the proposed system model, users communicate with the base station (BS) via a strategically partitioned RIS. However, a silent passive eavesdropper overhears the data through a direct link. As part of the proposed security design, we propose a user-centric artificial noise (AN) transmission strategy that degrades the decoding ability of the eavesdropper without sacrificing the power budget. The AN is nullified in the composite channel utilizing singular value decomposition. After analyzing the channel statistics, which consider all channels experiencing Nakagami-mmmfading, we derive theoretical closed-form expressions for the ergodic secrecy rate (ESR) for each user in the NOMA pair using Gauss-Chebyshev quadrature and Taylor-Maclaurin expansions. Monte Carlo simulations validate the correctness of our analysis. The numerical results confirm that our proposed scheme consistently achieves a positive ESR. We also explore the impact of channel fading and RIS-partitioning ratio on the uplink ESR and comment on optimal power allocation. Notably, the results also confirm that the proposed system outperforms the benchmark MIMOorthogonal multiple access-based scheme.
A secure downlink transmission system which is exposed to multiple eavesdroppers and is appropriate for Internet of Things (IoT) applications is considered. A worst case scenario is assumed, in the sense that, in order to enhance their interception ability all eavesdroppers are located close to each other, near the controller and collude to form joint receive beamforming. For such a system, a novel cooperative nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) secure transmission scheme for which an IoT device with a stronger channel condition acts as an energy harvesting relay in order to assist a second IoT device operating under weaker channel conditions, is proposed and its performance is analyzed and evaluated. A secrecy sum rate (SSR) maximization problem is formulated and solved under three constraints: 1) transmit power; 2) successive interference cancellation; and 3) quality of service. By considering both passive and active eavesdroppers scenarios, two optimization schemes are proposed to improve the overall system SSR. On the one hand, for the passive eavesdropper scenario, an artificial noise-aided secure beamforming scheme is proposed. Since this optimization problem is nonconvex, instead of using traditional but highly complex, brute-force 2-D search, it is conveniently transformed into a convex one by using an epigraph reformulation. On the other hand, for the active multiantennas eavesdroppers’ scenario, the orthogonal-projection-based beamforming scheme is considered, and by employing the successive convex approximation method, a suboptimal solution is proposed. Furthermore, since for single antenna transmission the orthogonal-projection-based scheme may not be applicable a simple power control scheme is proposed. Various performance evaluation results obtained by means of computer simulations have verified that the proposed schemes outperform other benchmark schemes in terms of SSR performance.
This letter investigates the physical layer security of a downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system aided by a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), where artificial noise (AN) is introduced to confuse the eavesdropper. To enhance secrecy, we employ improper Gaussian signaling (IGS) to alleviate the influence of AN on legitimate users. This is formulated as a sum secrecy rate maximization problem, where the reflecting coefficients of RIS and transmit covariance matrices of legitimate users and eavesdroppers are jointly optimized. An alternating optimization framework aided by the minorization-maximization method is adopted to address this non-convex optimization problem. Numerical results show that IGS significantly outperforms proper Gaussian signaling in improving the secrecy performance of RIS-aided NOMA systems, and such a secrecy advantage is more pronounced in RIS-aided NOMA than in traditional NOMA.