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IEEE Access

Robust Secure Design for RIS-Aided NOMA Network Against Internal Near-End Eavesdropping

Chengjun Jiang, Chensi Zhang, Peili Hao, Zhe Zhang, Jianhua Ge

Published Jan 1, 2021• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) aided non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) network is applied to improve spectral efficiency and energy efficiency of wireless systems. Due to the incorporation of NOMA, RIS-aided NOMA system suffers from physical layer security (PLS) problem when an internal near user (NU) is the eavesdropper. In this case, it is difficult to always guarantee positive secrecy rate. Therefore, a scheme of artificial noise (AN) cooperative jamming and beamforming design is proposed against internal eavesdropper for RIS-aided NOMA in this paper. It is proved theoretically that the positive secrecy rate can be guaranteed if providing sufficient power. In addition, the power allocation of base station is further studied to minimize the total power consumption under the constraints of data rate and secrecy rate, and the closed-form solutions are achieved. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed scheme is superior to the existing solutions.

DOI
10.1109/access.2021.3120725

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IEEE International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT)•Oct 20, 2023•2 citations
The reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) aided non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) network is applied to improve spectral efficiency and energy efficiency of wireless systems. Due to the incorporation of NOMA, RIS-aided NOMA system suffers from physical layer security (PLS) problem when an internal near user (NU) is the eavesdropper. In this case, it is difficult to always guarantee positive secrecy rate. Therefore, a scheme of artificial noise (AN) cooperative jamming and beamforming design is proposed against internal eavesdropper for RIS-aided NOMA in this paper. It is proved theoretically that the positive secrecy rate can be guaranteed if providing sufficient power. In addition, the power allocation of base station is further studied to minimize the total power consumption under the constraints of data rate and secrecy rate, and the closed-form solutions are achieved. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed scheme is superior to the existing solutions.
This paper investigates the uplink secrecy performance of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided multiple-input multiple-output non-orthogonal multiple access (MIMO-NOMA) network. In the proposed system model, users communicate with the base station (BS) via a strategically partitioned RIS. However, a silent passive eavesdropper overhears the data through a direct link. As part of the proposed security design, we propose a user-centric artificial noise (AN) transmission strategy that degrades the decoding ability of the eavesdropper without sacrificing the power budget. The AN is nullified in the composite channel utilizing singular value decomposition. After analyzing the channel statistics, which consider all channels experiencing Nakagami-mmmfading, we derive theoretical closed-form expressions for the ergodic secrecy rate (ESR) for each user in the NOMA pair using Gauss-Chebyshev quadrature and Taylor-Maclaurin expansions. Monte Carlo simulations validate the correctness of our analysis. The numerical results confirm that our proposed scheme consistently achieves a positive ESR. We also explore the impact of channel fading and RIS-partitioning ratio on the uplink ESR and comment on optimal power allocation. Notably, the results also confirm that the proposed system outperforms the benchmark MIMOorthogonal multiple access-based scheme.
Non-orthogonal multiple access systems will face serious physical layer security (PLS) problems in the present of internal eavesdropper. However, in the existing schemes, it's difficult to always guarantee the positive secrecy rate of the system. To this end, we consider the PLS against internal eavesdropping in two-users scenario and the beamforming design and optimal power allocation problems are given. The developed analytical results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can absolutely achieve positive secrecy rate if provided sufficient power. Simulation results show that the performance of proposed scheme is better than the existing solutions.
The Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) and Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) technologies enhance spectral efficiency by permitting multiple users to share similar resources. However, resource sharing can introduce security risks in NOMA systems with internal users. Security-enhancing techniques for NOMA with eavesdroppers have been proposed to address these concerns. One such approach is the Artificial Noise- Beamforming and Power Allocation (ABPA) methodology, which incorporates noise and power management to enhance security. Additionally, using a reflecting surface and channel fuzziness enables the extraction of a secret key for reliable encrypted data transmission while also introducing intentional interference and confusing potential eavesdroppers. The intelligent control of reflections by the RIS further enhances security by creating complex interference patterns that are challenging to decipher. These frameworks provide promising solutions for mitigating the risks posed by internal eavesdroppers in NOMA systems, leveraging advanced signal manipulation techniques.
The key idea of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is to serve multiple users in the same resource block to improve the spectral efficiency. Whereas due to the resource sharing, a security flaw of NOMA emerges in the presence of internal untrusted users, especially untrusted near users who are closer to the base station and can easily access the confidential information for paired far users. To mitigate the flaw, in this paper, we investigate the reliable and secure transmission of NOMA systems with untrusted near users, and propose joint beamforming and power allocation (JBP) scheme for the scenario. Meanwhile, from security point of view, we extend to a worse-case scenario where both untrusted near users and external eavesdroppers exist, and propose joint artificial noise aided beamforming and power allocation (JANBP) scheme to achieve a reliable and secure transmission for the scenario. The exact and asymptotic closed-form expressions of secrecy outage probability (SOP) for the two scenarios are derived to evaluate the secrecy performance achieved by the proposed schemes, respectively. The analysis and simulation results show the superiority of the proposed JBP and JANBP schemes in terms of combating internal and external eavesdropping, and also indicate the two schemes can achieve the same SOP at high SNR.
NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access) has been recognized as new multiple access technology for wireless communication networks of the fifth generation and beyond, owing to its ability to improve spectral efficiency, support massive connectivity, and provide user fairness. However, it has been observed that the superposition-based transmission principle of NOMA is highly susceptible to eavesdropping attacks, especially in an open wireless network where all wireless communications are inherently broadcast in nature. Hence, ensuring secure wireless communications for NOMA systems has now become an important area of research. This research aims to improve the secrecy level of wireless communications for NOMA systems by employing Physical Layer Security (PLS) techniques. Specifically, two prominent PLS techniques, Artificial Noise (AN) and Cooperative Jamming (CJ), have been employed to provide security against passive eavesdropping attacks. The cooperative NOMA system architecture is considered, and the secrecy enhancement is analyzed for two possible scenarios when the eavesdropper is close to the relay node and when the eavesdropper is close to the base station. The secrecy performance of the proposed system is analyzed through various parameters, namely, Secrecy Outage Probability (SOP), Secrecy Capacity (SC), Secrecy Rate (SR), and Secrecy Energy Efficiency (SEE) in terms of the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). The numerical results for the secrecy metrics are obtained through MATLAB-based simulations, whereas the system-level model is developed using the Simulink platform to verify the suggested system's functionality in the presence of AN and CJ for the legitimate NOMA users and the eavesdropper. The results show that the secrecy performance is significantly enhanced with the introduction of AN and CJ, and the system shows robust performance in terms of energy efficiency. This paper provides significant insights into the design of the NOMA system from the secrecy perspective and validates the potential of PLS techniques for the design of the future wireless system.
Hardware impairments (HWI) and the channel state information (CSI) estimation errors inevitably degrade the security performance of the communication system. In this work, we explore a robust beamforming solution for a reconfigurable intelligence surface (RIS)-assisted multiple-input single-output (MISO) multi-user secure network under HWI and imperfect CSI. Artificial noise (AN) is designed to jam eavesdroppers while non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is employed to suppress the interference between legitimate users. Aimed at maximizing secrecy sum rate, the active beamforming with AN at the BS and the passive beamforming at the RIS are jointly optimized. The nonconvex optimization problem is handled using the semi-definite relaxation (SDR), where the eavesdropper's channel uncertainty is tackled by the S-procedure. Then the multi-variable coupling problem is decomposed into two sub-problems and three blocks of variables are alternately optimized using the block coordinate descent (BCD) method. The results suggest that the developed scheme outperforms the benchmark ones in terms of security and resistance to HWI.