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International Conference on Communications

Uplink Secrecy in RIS-Aided MIMO-NOMA Networks with User-Centric Artificial Noise

Moh. Khalid Hasan, Shucheng Yu, Min Song

Published Jun 8, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper investigates the uplink secrecy performance of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided multiple-input multiple-output non-orthogonal multiple access (MIMO-NOMA) network. In the proposed system model, users communicate with the base station (BS) via a strategically partitioned RIS. However, a silent passive eavesdropper overhears the data through a direct link. As part of the proposed security design, we propose a user-centric artificial noise (AN) transmission strategy that degrades the decoding ability of the eavesdropper without sacrificing the power budget. The AN is nullified in the composite channel utilizing singular value decomposition. After analyzing the channel statistics, which consider all channels experiencing Nakagami-$m$fading, we derive theoretical closed-form expressions for the ergodic secrecy rate (ESR) for each user in the NOMA pair using Gauss-Chebyshev quadrature and Taylor-Maclaurin expansions. Monte Carlo simulations validate the correctness of our analysis. The numerical results confirm that our proposed scheme consistently achieves a positive ESR. We also explore the impact of channel fading and RIS-partitioning ratio on the uplink ESR and comment on optimal power allocation. Notably, the results also confirm that the proposed system outperforms the benchmark MIMOorthogonal multiple access-based scheme.

DOI
10.1109/icc52391.2025.11162097

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This paper investigates the uplink secrecy performance of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided multiple-input multiple-output non-orthogonal multiple access (MIMO-NOMA) network. In the proposed system model, users communicate with the base station (BS) via a strategically partitioned RIS. However, a silent passive eavesdropper overhears the data through a direct link. As part of the proposed security design, we propose a user-centric artificial noise (AN) transmission strategy that degrades the decoding ability of the eavesdropper without sacrificing the power budget. The AN is nullified in the composite channel utilizing singular value decomposition. After analyzing the channel statistics, which consider all channels experiencing Nakagami-mmmfading, we derive theoretical closed-form expressions for the ergodic secrecy rate (ESR) for each user in the NOMA pair using Gauss-Chebyshev quadrature and Taylor-Maclaurin expansions. Monte Carlo simulations validate the correctness of our analysis. The numerical results confirm that our proposed scheme consistently achieves a positive ESR. We also explore the impact of channel fading and RIS-partitioning ratio on the uplink ESR and comment on optimal power allocation. Notably, the results also confirm that the proposed system outperforms the benchmark MIMOorthogonal multiple access-based scheme.
The reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) aided non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) network is applied to improve spectral efficiency and energy efficiency of wireless systems. Due to the incorporation of NOMA, RIS-aided NOMA system suffers from physical layer security (PLS) problem when an internal near user (NU) is the eavesdropper. In this case, it is difficult to always guarantee positive secrecy rate. Therefore, a scheme of artificial noise (AN) cooperative jamming and beamforming design is proposed against internal eavesdropper for RIS-aided NOMA in this paper. It is proved theoretically that the positive secrecy rate can be guaranteed if providing sufficient power. In addition, the power allocation of base station is further studied to minimize the total power consumption under the constraints of data rate and secrecy rate, and the closed-form solutions are achieved. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed scheme is superior to the existing solutions.
Hardware impairments (HWI) and the channel state information (CSI) estimation errors inevitably degrade the security performance of the communication system. In this work, we explore a robust beamforming solution for a reconfigurable intelligence surface (RIS)-assisted multiple-input single-output (MISO) multi-user secure network under HWI and imperfect CSI. Artificial noise (AN) is designed to jam eavesdroppers while non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is employed to suppress the interference between legitimate users. Aimed at maximizing secrecy sum rate, the active beamforming with AN at the BS and the passive beamforming at the RIS are jointly optimized. The nonconvex optimization problem is handled using the semi-definite relaxation (SDR), where the eavesdropper's channel uncertainty is tackled by the S-procedure. Then the multi-variable coupling problem is decomposed into two sub-problems and three blocks of variables are alternately optimized using the block coordinate descent (BCD) method. The results suggest that the developed scheme outperforms the benchmark ones in terms of security and resistance to HWI.
This letter investigates the physical layer security of a downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system aided by a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), where artificial noise (AN) is introduced to confuse the eavesdropper. To enhance secrecy, we employ improper Gaussian signaling (IGS) to alleviate the influence of AN on legitimate users. This is formulated as a sum secrecy rate maximization problem, where the reflecting coefficients of RIS and transmit covariance matrices of legitimate users and eavesdroppers are jointly optimized. An alternating optimization framework aided by the minorization-maximization method is adopted to address this non-convex optimization problem. Numerical results show that IGS significantly outperforms proper Gaussian signaling in improving the secrecy performance of RIS-aided NOMA systems, and such a secrecy advantage is more pronounced in RIS-aided NOMA than in traditional NOMA.
We study the secrecy transmission of uplink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) with single antenna and multi-antenna users in presence of an eavesdropper. Two phases are required for communications during each time frame between the users and the base station in cellular networks. We study the case where an eavesdropper overhears the relay and direct links from the users to the base stations. In terms of the secure performance analysis, we focus on two main metrics including secrecy outage probability (SOP) and strictly positive secrecy capacity (SPSC) with the assumption that the eavesdropper is able to detect the signals. Analytical closed-form expressions for the SOP and SPSC are derived to evaluate the system secure performance achieved by the proposed schemes. Furthermore, the asymptotic analysis is presented to gain further insights. The analytical and numerical results indicate that the proposed schemes can realize better secrecy performance once we improve the channel condition and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the base station. Our results confirms that the secrecy performance gaps exist among the two users since different power allocation factors are assigned to these users.
In this letter, we investigate the secrecy performance of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) assisted multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication network in the presence of randomly positioned eavesdroppers. We derive closed form expressions for the beamforming vector of the base station (BS) and the phase shifts of the RIS. Considering the colluding wiretap strategy, the secrecy outage probability is obtained in closed form by using the theory of stochastic geometry. Numerical results confirm the effectiveness of our theoretical analysis, demonstrating that increasing the number of BS antennas and RIS elements can significantly enhance the secrecy performance of the system.
This paper investigates the integration of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) into a secure multiuser massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system in the presence of transceiver hardware impairments (HWI), imperfect channel state information (CSI), and spatially correlated channels. We first introduce a linear minimum-mean-square error estimation algorithm for the aggregate channel by considering the impact of transceiver HWI and RIS phase-shift errors. Then, we derive a lower bound for the achievable ergodic secrecy rate in the presence of a multi-antenna eavesdropper when artificial noise (AN) is employed at the base station (BS). In addition, the obtained expressions of the ergodic secrecy rate are further simplified in some noteworthy special cases to obtain valuable insights. To counteract the effects of HWI, we present a power allocation optimization strategy between the confidential signals and AN, which admits a fixed-point equation solution. Our analysis reveals that a non-zero ergodic secrecy rate is preserved if the total transmit power decreases no faster than 1/N, whereNis the number of RIS elements. Moreover, the ergodic secrecy rate grows logarithmically with the number of BS antennasMand approaches a certain limit in the asymptotic regimeN→ ∞. Simulation results are provided to verify the derived analytical results. They reveal the impact of key design parameters on the secrecy rate. It is shown that, with the proposed power allocation strategy, the secrecy rate loss due to HWI can be counteracted by increasing the number of low-cost RIS elements.