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arXiv:2404.05239 · IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications

Spatially Correlated RIS-Aided Secure Massive MIMO Under CSI and Hardware Imperfections

Dan Yang, Jindan Xu, Wei Xu, Bin Sheng, Xiaohu You, Chau Yuen, Marco Di Renzo

Published Apr 5, 2024• 17 citations
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Abstract

This paper investigates the integration of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) into a secure multiuser massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system in the presence of transceiver hardware impairments (HWI), imperfect channel state information (CSI), and spatially correlated channels. We first introduce a linear minimum-mean-square error estimation algorithm for the aggregate channel by considering the impact of transceiver HWI and RIS phase-shift errors. Then, we derive a lower bound for the achievable ergodic secrecy rate in the presence of a multi-antenna eavesdropper when artificial noise (AN) is employed at the base station (BS). In addition, the obtained expressions of the ergodic secrecy rate are further simplified in some noteworthy special cases to obtain valuable insights. To counteract the effects of HWI, we present a power allocation optimization strategy between the confidential signals and AN, which admits a fixed-point equation solution. Our analysis reveals that a non-zero ergodic secrecy rate is preserved if the total transmit power decreases no faster than 1/N, whereNis the number of RIS elements. Moreover, the ergodic secrecy rate grows logarithmically with the number of BS antennasMand approaches a certain limit in the asymptotic regimeN→ ∞. Simulation results are provided to verify the derived analytical results. They reveal the impact of key design parameters on the secrecy rate. It is shown that, with the proposed power allocation strategy, the secrecy rate loss due to HWI can be counteracted by increasing the number of low-cost RIS elements.

DOI
10.1109/twc.2024.3382342

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This paper investigates the integration of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) into a secure multiuser massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system in the presence of transceiver hardware impairments (HWI), imperfect channel state information (CSI), and spatially correlated channels. We first introduce a linear minimum-mean-square error estimation algorithm for the aggregate channel by considering the impact of transceiver HWI and RIS phase-shift errors. Then, we derive a lower bound for the achievable ergodic secrecy rate in the presence of a multi-antenna eavesdropper when artificial noise (AN) is employed at the base station (BS). In addition, the obtained expressions of the ergodic secrecy rate are further simplified in some noteworthy special cases to obtain valuable insights. To counteract the effects of HWI, we present a power allocation optimization strategy between the confidential signals and AN, which admits a fixed-point equation solution. Our analysis reveals that a non-zero ergodic secrecy rate is preserved if the total transmit power decreases no faster than 1/N, whereNis the number of RIS elements. Moreover, the ergodic secrecy rate grows logarithmically with the number of BS antennasMand approaches a certain limit in the asymptotic regimeN→ ∞. Simulation results are provided to verify the derived analytical results. They reveal the impact of key design parameters on the secrecy rate. It is shown that, with the proposed power allocation strategy, the secrecy rate loss due to HWI can be counteracted by increasing the number of low-cost RIS elements.
In this paper, we consider a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) secure communication system, where only legitimate user's (Bob's) statistical channel state information (CSI) can be obtained at the transmitter (Alice), while eavesdropper's (Eve's) CSI is unknown. Firstly, the analytical expression of the achievable ergodic rate at Bob is obtained. Then, by exploiting Bob's statistical CSI, we jointly design the transmit covariance matrix at Alice and the phase shift matrix at the RIS to minimize the transmit power of the information signal under the quality-of-service (QoS) constraint of Bob. Finally, we propose an artificial noise (AN)-aided method without Eve's CSI to enhance the security of this system and use the residual power to design the transmit covariance for AN. Simulation results verify the convergence of the proposed method, and also show that there exists a trade-off between the secrecy rate and QoS of Bob.
Hardware impairments (HWI) and the channel state information (CSI) estimation errors inevitably degrade the security performance of the communication system. In this work, we explore a robust beamforming solution for a reconfigurable intelligence surface (RIS)-assisted multiple-input single-output (MISO) multi-user secure network under HWI and imperfect CSI. Artificial noise (AN) is designed to jam eavesdroppers while non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is employed to suppress the interference between legitimate users. Aimed at maximizing secrecy sum rate, the active beamforming with AN at the BS and the passive beamforming at the RIS are jointly optimized. The nonconvex optimization problem is handled using the semi-definite relaxation (SDR), where the eavesdropper's channel uncertainty is tackled by the S-procedure. Then the multi-variable coupling problem is decomposed into two sub-problems and three blocks of variables are alternately optimized using the block coordinate descent (BCD) method. The results suggest that the developed scheme outperforms the benchmark ones in terms of security and resistance to HWI.
In this letter, we investigate the secrecy performance of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) assisted multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication network in the presence of randomly positioned eavesdroppers. We derive closed form expressions for the beamforming vector of the base station (BS) and the phase shifts of the RIS. Considering the colluding wiretap strategy, the secrecy outage probability is obtained in closed form by using the theory of stochastic geometry. Numerical results confirm the effectiveness of our theoretical analysis, demonstrating that increasing the number of BS antennas and RIS elements can significantly enhance the secrecy performance of the system.
This paper investigates the uplink secrecy performance of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided multiple-input multiple-output non-orthogonal multiple access (MIMO-NOMA) network. In the proposed system model, users communicate with the base station (BS) via a strategically partitioned RIS. However, a silent passive eavesdropper overhears the data through a direct link. As part of the proposed security design, we propose a user-centric artificial noise (AN) transmission strategy that degrades the decoding ability of the eavesdropper without sacrificing the power budget. The AN is nullified in the composite channel utilizing singular value decomposition. After analyzing the channel statistics, which consider all channels experiencing Nakagami-mmmfading, we derive theoretical closed-form expressions for the ergodic secrecy rate (ESR) for each user in the NOMA pair using Gauss-Chebyshev quadrature and Taylor-Maclaurin expansions. Monte Carlo simulations validate the correctness of our analysis. The numerical results confirm that our proposed scheme consistently achieves a positive ESR. We also explore the impact of channel fading and RIS-partitioning ratio on the uplink ESR and comment on optimal power allocation. Notably, the results also confirm that the proposed system outperforms the benchmark MIMOorthogonal multiple access-based scheme.
The potential of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) for energy-efficient and performance-boosted wireless communications is recently gaining remarkable research attention, motivating their consideration for various 5-th Generation (5G) Advanced and beyond applications. In this paper, we consider a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) Physical Layer Security (PLS) system with multiple data streams including one legitimate passive RIS and one malicious passive RIS, with the former being transparent to the multi-antenna eavesdropper and the latter’s presence being unknown at the legitimate multi-antenna transceivers. We first present a novel threat model for the RIS-boosted eavesdropping system and design a joint optimization framework for the eavesdropper’s receive combining matrix and the reflection coefficients of the malicious RIS. Focusing next on the secrecy rate maximization problem, we present an RIS-empowered PLS scheme that jointly designs the legitimate precoding matrix and number of data streams, the Artificial Noise (AN) covariance matrix, the receive combining matrix, and the reflection coefficients of the legitimate RIS. The proposed optimization algorithms, whose convergence to at least local optimum points is proved, are based on alternating maximization, minorization-maximization, and manifold optimization, including semi-closed form expressions for the optimization variables. Our extensive simulation results for two representative system setups reveal that, in the absence of a legitimate RIS, transceiver spatial filtering and AN are incapable of offering non-zero secrecy rates, even for malicious RISs with small numbers of elements. However, when anLLL-element legitimate RIS is deployed, confidential communication can be safeguarded against eavesdropping systems possessing even more than a5L5L5L-element malicious RIS.
This paper investigates a cooperative jamming (CJ)-aided secure wireless communication system. Conventional CJ schemes transmit Gaussian noise (GN) to improve security, which inherently degrades the legitimate receiver's performance. While the encoded jamming (EJ) scheme mitigates this interference, its advantage over the GN scheme is highly channel-dependent. To address this limitation, we introduce a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted secure design based on the EJ scheme for secrecy-rate maximization. Starting from the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) secrecy-rate expressions for the EJ and GN schemes, we identify the jamming-channel conditions under which the EJ scheme may be limited. For the general MIMO setup, we develop a weighted minimum mean-square error (WMMSE)-based framework for joint precoder and RIS phase optimization. We further provide a large-RIS asymptotic benchmark showing that a jamming-aligned EJ construction achieves a positive gap over a signal-aligned GN benchmark in the considered multiple-input single-output (MISO) setting. Simulation results support the analysis and show that, under the evaluated settings, the RIS-assisted EJ scheme can alleviate the identified spatial bottlenecks and improve the secrecy rate relative to the considered baselines.