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International Conference on Intelligent Control, Measurement and Signal Processing (ICMSP)

Microwave Magnetic Field Detection in a Microwave Waveguide

Shuanghao Jin, Pingwei Lin, Ning Ru, Wensong Jiang, Zai Luo

Published May 19, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Atomic microwave technology is a promising platform for quantum precision measurement and quantum information processing. However, experimental progress to date has been limited by microwave reflection interference in free space and the difficulty of temperature control. We report the development of high precision atomic microwave magnetic field measurement in standard microwave waveguides. Enabled by a reduction in reflected microwave interference and temperature frequency shift, our approach yields a significant improvement in microwave magnetic field measurement. We further show that the relationship between Rabi resonance profile and laser intensity, atomic vapor cell temperature and microwave intensity measured in microwave waveguide is confirmed to be accurate and reliable. These advances open up new prospects for quantum precision measurement and quantum sensing with alkali atoms.

DOI
10.1109/icmsp58539.2023.10170937

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We demonstrate a multi-parameter sensing scheme for free space microwave electric and magnetic fields in single vapor cell based on the atom-based microwave detection techniques. A weak probe laser though a rubidium vapor cell first acts as magnetic probe to measure the microwave magnetic field via atomic Rabi resonance of the ground state hyperfine transition. When another strong coupling laser is subsequently counter-propagated and overlapped with the probe laser in the same atomic vapor cell, the probe laser is then used as electric probe to measure microwave electric field by off-resonant microwave dressed Rydberg Autler-Townes splitting. We achieve measurement of microwave electric and magnetic fields without any complicated tuning methods at the clock frequency of 6.835 GHz. Based on the inherent relationship between microwave electric and magnetic fields, and their good linear response characteristics in respective suitable power ranges, the equivalent microwave magnetic fields are derived from linear fitting of the measured electric fields, which are in agreement with the calibrated experimental results within the same power range. This work provides an effective approach for extending the power dynamic range of atom-based microwave quantum sensors.
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Using a detection technique of microwave (MW) magnetic field based on Rabi resonance, we have constructed a SI-traceable MW magnetic field sensor. Unlike the uncoated cylindrical Cs vapor cell filled with buffer gas presented in our previous work, here we developed an experimental setup based on an alkali vapor cell with anti-relaxation coating. Rabi resonance signal lineshape are successfully observed when alkali atoms interact with a phase-modulated MW field. Several experimental parameters, such as optical laser intensity and cell temperature, are detailly studied and characterized. The optimal amplitude of Rabi resonance lineshape were obtained, which is well-agreed with the theoretical model.