Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Applied Physics Letters

Microwave magnetic field strength imaging based on Rabi resonance with alkali-atom vapor cell

Lang Chen, Minghao Yao, Yang Shi, Junyi Duan, Songbai Kang, Pengfei Wang, Zhilong Yu, Shuo Guo, Xiaochi Liu

Published Jun 6, 2022• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The present Rabi resonance microwave sensing technique cannot fully describe the microwave magnetic field strength distribution due to the signal detection method. Here, we propose an alternative Rabi resonance-based microwave imaging technique using a digital micromirror device and an alkali atomic cell. The experimental results well describe the distribution of the microwave field quantitatively and agree with the absorption imaging results. This technique can also be used as a method to analyze and measure the relaxation rate in an atomic vapor cell and offers a SI-traceable imaging approach for the microwave magnetic field. Its simple architecture holds great potential for the development of compact/miniature microwave field sensors.

DOI
10.1063/5.0098071

Related papers

Microwave magnetic field imaging based on Rabi resonance with an alkali-atom vapor cell

Xiaochi Liu, Songbai Kang, Zhenfei Song +3 more

In this work, we demonstrate a microwave magnetic field imaging technique based on Rabi resonance with a cesium atom vapor cell. Rabi resonance signals are generated when atoms interact with a phase-modulated microwave (MW) field and are detected by a photodiode and camera. A low noise, high quantum efficiency camera is used to capture a series of frames for different phase modulation frequencies. Rabi frequencies of each spatial point in the field can be measured by scanning the frames. Thus, the strength of the MW magnetic field distribution is obtained by combing the Rabi frequencies, measured with camera pixels in the range of the probe laser beam. The simple architecture of this imaging setup holds great potential for the construction of compact/miniature MW field sensors for material testing, field imaging of MW components, and biomedical imaging.

arXiv:1902.06447•Feb 18, 2019•0 citations

Measuring Relaxation Rate of Atomic Vapor Cells by Microwave Field Detection Technique

Ning Ru, Xiaochi Liu, Junyi Duan +1 more

As an important tool in microwave detection, quantum sensing techniques have been studied in a broad range of fields such as microwave electrometry and microwave magnetic field detection. In this work, we measure the relaxation rate of Rb atoms in vapor cells using a Rabi-resonance-based quantum sensing technique. The characterizations of the Rabi resonance line shape with different experimental parameters are investigated. The relaxation rate of the vapor cell can be obtained with the Rabi resonance line shape.

IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement•Jan 1, 2021•1 citation

Microwave magnetic field sensing based on Rabi resonance using Rb vapor cell with anti-relaxation coating

Ning Ru, Xiaochi Liu, Jifeng Qu

Using a detection technique of microwave (MW) magnetic field based on Rabi resonance, we have constructed a SI-traceable MW magnetic field sensor. Unlike the uncoated cylindrical Cs vapor cell filled with buffer gas presented in our previous work, here we developed an experimental setup based on an alkali vapor cell with anti-relaxation coating. Rabi resonance signal lineshape are successfully observed when alkali atoms interact with a phase-modulated MW field. Several experimental parameters, such as optical laser intensity and cell temperature, are detailly studied and characterized. The optimal amplitude of Rabi resonance lineshape were obtained, which is well-agreed with the theoretical model.

IEEE International Conference on Signal, Information and Data Processing (ICSIDP)•Dec 1, 2019•0 citations

Simple microwave field imaging technique using hot atomic vapor cells

Pascal Böhi, Philipp Treutlein

We demonstrate a simple technique for microwave field imaging using alkali atoms in a vapor cell. The microwave field to be measured drives Rabi oscillations on atomic hyperfine transitions, which are detected in a spatially resolved way using a laser beam and a camera. Our vapor cell geometry enables single-shot recording of two-dimensional microwave field images with 350 μm spatial resolution. Using microfabricated vapor cell arrays, a resolution of a few micrometers seems feasible. All vector components of the microwave magnetic field can be imaged. Our apparatus is simple and compact and does not require cryogenics or ultra-high vacuum.

arXiv:1207.4964•Applied Physics Letters•Oct 29, 2012•69 citations

Measuring relaxation rate of atomic vapor cell by Microwave field detection technique

Ning Ru, Xiaochi Liu, Junyi Duan +1 more

As an important “tool” in microwave science and engineering, quantum sensing techniques have been studied in a broad range of fields such as microwave electrometry, microwave magnetic field detection. In this work, we measured the relaxation rate of Rb vapor cell with Rabi resonance-based quantum sensing technique in a microwave cavity. The characterization of Rabi resonance lineshape with different experimental parameters are investigated. The relaxation rate of the vapor cell could be obtained by the Rabi resonance lineshape.

Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements•Aug 1, 2020•2 citations

Microwave magnetic field detection based on Cs vapor cell in free space

Xiaochi Liu, Zhiyuan Jiang, Jifeng Qu +3 more

In this study, we demonstrate the direct measurement of a microwave (MW) magnetic field through the detection of atomic Rabi resonances with Cs vapor cells in a free-space low-Q cavity. The line shape (amplitude and linewidth) of detected Rabi resonances is investigated versus several experimental parameters such as the laser intensity, cell buffer gas pressure, and cell length. The specially designed low-Q cavity creates a suitable MW environment allowing easy testing of different vapor cells with distinct properties. Obtained results are analyzed to optimize the performances of a MW magnetic field sensor based on the present atom-based detection technique.

Review of Scientific Instruments•Jun 1, 2018•29 citations
The present Rabi resonance microwave sensing technique cannot fully describe the microwave magnetic field strength distribution due to the signal detection method. Here, we propose an alternative Rabi resonance-based microwave imaging technique using a digital micromirror device and an alkali atomic cell. The experimental results well describe the distribution of the microwave field quantitatively and agree with the absorption imaging results. This technique can also be used as a method to analyze and measure the relaxation rate in an atomic vapor cell and offers a SI-traceable imaging approach for the microwave magnetic field. Its simple architecture holds great potential for the development of compact/miniature microwave field sensors.
In this work, we demonstrate a microwave magnetic field imaging technique based on Rabi resonance with a cesium atom vapor cell. Rabi resonance signals are generated when atoms interact with a phase-modulated microwave (MW) field and are detected by a photodiode and camera. A low noise, high quantum efficiency camera is used to capture a series of frames for different phase modulation frequencies. Rabi frequencies of each spatial point in the field can be measured by scanning the frames. Thus, the strength of the MW magnetic field distribution is obtained by combing the Rabi frequencies, measured with camera pixels in the range of the probe laser beam. The simple architecture of this imaging setup holds great potential for the construction of compact/miniature MW field sensors for material testing, field imaging of MW components, and biomedical imaging.
As an important tool in microwave detection, quantum sensing techniques have been studied in a broad range of fields such as microwave electrometry and microwave magnetic field detection. In this work, we measure the relaxation rate of Rb atoms in vapor cells using a Rabi-resonance-based quantum sensing technique. The characterizations of the Rabi resonance line shape with different experimental parameters are investigated. The relaxation rate of the vapor cell can be obtained with the Rabi resonance line shape.
Using a detection technique of microwave (MW) magnetic field based on Rabi resonance, we have constructed a SI-traceable MW magnetic field sensor. Unlike the uncoated cylindrical Cs vapor cell filled with buffer gas presented in our previous work, here we developed an experimental setup based on an alkali vapor cell with anti-relaxation coating. Rabi resonance signal lineshape are successfully observed when alkali atoms interact with a phase-modulated MW field. Several experimental parameters, such as optical laser intensity and cell temperature, are detailly studied and characterized. The optimal amplitude of Rabi resonance lineshape were obtained, which is well-agreed with the theoretical model.
We demonstrate a simple technique for microwave field imaging using alkali atoms in a vapor cell. The microwave field to be measured drives Rabi oscillations on atomic hyperfine transitions, which are detected in a spatially resolved way using a laser beam and a camera. Our vapor cell geometry enables single-shot recording of two-dimensional microwave field images with 350 μm spatial resolution. Using microfabricated vapor cell arrays, a resolution of a few micrometers seems feasible. All vector components of the microwave magnetic field can be imaged. Our apparatus is simple and compact and does not require cryogenics or ultra-high vacuum.
As an important “tool” in microwave science and engineering, quantum sensing techniques have been studied in a broad range of fields such as microwave electrometry, microwave magnetic field detection. In this work, we measured the relaxation rate of Rb vapor cell with Rabi resonance-based quantum sensing technique in a microwave cavity. The characterization of Rabi resonance lineshape with different experimental parameters are investigated. The relaxation rate of the vapor cell could be obtained by the Rabi resonance lineshape.
In this study, we demonstrate the direct measurement of a microwave (MW) magnetic field through the detection of atomic Rabi resonances with Cs vapor cells in a free-space low-Q cavity. The line shape (amplitude and linewidth) of detected Rabi resonances is investigated versus several experimental parameters such as the laser intensity, cell buffer gas pressure, and cell length. The specially designed low-Q cavity creates a suitable MW environment allowing easy testing of different vapor cells with distinct properties. Obtained results are analyzed to optimize the performances of a MW magnetic field sensor based on the present atom-based detection technique.