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Review of Scientific Instruments

Microwave magnetic field detection based on Cs vapor cell in free space

Xiaochi Liu, Zhiyuan Jiang, Jifeng Qu, Dong Hou, Xianhe Huang, Fuyu Sun

Published Jun 1, 2018• 29 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this study, we demonstrate the direct measurement of a microwave (MW) magnetic field through the detection of atomic Rabi resonances with Cs vapor cells in a free-space low-Q cavity. The line shape (amplitude and linewidth) of detected Rabi resonances is investigated versus several experimental parameters such as the laser intensity, cell buffer gas pressure, and cell length. The specially designed low-Q cavity creates a suitable MW environment allowing easy testing of different vapor cells with distinct properties. Obtained results are analyzed to optimize the performances of a MW magnetic field sensor based on the present atom-based detection technique.

DOI
10.1063/1.5029986

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In this paper we characterized the lineshapes of Rabi resonances for microwave (MW) magnetic field with cesium vapor cell in free space. The relation between resonance lineshapes and phase modulation frequency under different experimental parameters are investigated. Based on the obtained lineshapes, the evaluation of Rabi frequency has been done in free space. Optimal laser intensity and cell temperature are obtained in our experiment, preliminary analysis of the experimental results is reported.
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In this work, we demonstrate a microwave magnetic field imaging technique based on Rabi resonance with a cesium atom vapor cell. Rabi resonance signals are generated when atoms interact with a phase-modulated microwave (MW) field and are detected by a photodiode and camera. A low noise, high quantum efficiency camera is used to capture a series of frames for different phase modulation frequencies. Rabi frequencies of each spatial point in the field can be measured by scanning the frames. Thus, the strength of the MW magnetic field distribution is obtained by combing the Rabi frequencies, measured with camera pixels in the range of the probe laser beam. The simple architecture of this imaging setup holds great potential for the construction of compact/miniature MW field sensors for material testing, field imaging of MW components, and biomedical imaging.
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