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Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements

Measuring relaxation rate of atomic vapor cell by Microwave field detection technique

Ning Ru, Xiaochi Liu, Junyi Duan, Jifeng Qu

Published Aug 1, 2020• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

As an important “tool” in microwave science and engineering, quantum sensing techniques have been studied in a broad range of fields such as microwave electrometry, microwave magnetic field detection. In this work, we measured the relaxation rate of Rb vapor cell with Rabi resonance-based quantum sensing technique in a microwave cavity. The characterization of Rabi resonance lineshape with different experimental parameters are investigated. The relaxation rate of the vapor cell could be obtained by the Rabi resonance lineshape.

DOI
10.1109/cpem49742.2020.9191804

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As an important “tool” in microwave science and engineering, quantum sensing techniques have been studied in a broad range of fields such as microwave electrometry, microwave magnetic field detection. In this work, we measured the relaxation rate of Rb vapor cell with Rabi resonance-based quantum sensing technique in a microwave cavity. The characterization of Rabi resonance lineshape with different experimental parameters are investigated. The relaxation rate of the vapor cell could be obtained by the Rabi resonance lineshape.
As an important tool in microwave detection, quantum sensing techniques have been studied in a broad range of fields such as microwave electrometry and microwave magnetic field detection. In this work, we measure the relaxation rate of Rb atoms in vapor cells using a Rabi-resonance-based quantum sensing technique. The characterizations of the Rabi resonance line shape with different experimental parameters are investigated. The relaxation rate of the vapor cell can be obtained with the Rabi resonance line shape.
Using a detection technique of microwave (MW) magnetic field based on Rabi resonance, we have constructed a SI-traceable MW magnetic field sensor. Unlike the uncoated cylindrical Cs vapor cell filled with buffer gas presented in our previous work, here we developed an experimental setup based on an alkali vapor cell with anti-relaxation coating. Rabi resonance signal lineshape are successfully observed when alkali atoms interact with a phase-modulated MW field. Several experimental parameters, such as optical laser intensity and cell temperature, are detailly studied and characterized. The optimal amplitude of Rabi resonance lineshape were obtained, which is well-agreed with the theoretical model.
The present Rabi resonance microwave sensing technique cannot fully describe the microwave magnetic field strength distribution due to the signal detection method. Here, we propose an alternative Rabi resonance-based microwave imaging technique using a digital micromirror device and an alkali atomic cell. The experimental results well describe the distribution of the microwave field quantitatively and agree with the absorption imaging results. This technique can also be used as a method to analyze and measure the relaxation rate in an atomic vapor cell and offers a SI-traceable imaging approach for the microwave magnetic field. Its simple architecture holds great potential for the development of compact/miniature microwave field sensors.
In this study, we demonstrate the direct measurement of a microwave (MW) magnetic field through the detection of atomic Rabi resonances with Cs vapor cells in a free-space low-Q cavity. The line shape (amplitude and linewidth) of detected Rabi resonances is investigated versus several experimental parameters such as the laser intensity, cell buffer gas pressure, and cell length. The specially designed low-Q cavity creates a suitable MW environment allowing easy testing of different vapor cells with distinct properties. Obtained results are analyzed to optimize the performances of a MW magnetic field sensor based on the present atom-based detection technique.
In this paper we characterized the lineshapes of Rabi resonances for microwave (MW) magnetic field with cesium vapor cell in free space. The relation between resonance lineshapes and phase modulation frequency under different experimental parameters are investigated. Based on the obtained lineshapes, the evaluation of Rabi frequency has been done in free space. Optimal laser intensity and cell temperature are obtained in our experiment, preliminary analysis of the experimental results is reported.
We present a technique for measuring microwave (MW) field based on Rabi resonances induced by the interaction of atoms with a phase-modulated MW field. A theoretical model of field measurement is used to calculate Rabi frequency. Single-peak feature of the measurement model makes the technique a valuable tool for simple and fast field measurement. As an example, we use the technique to determine the MW field strength inside a Cs vapor cell in the X-band rectangular cavity for applied power in the range of -21 dBm to 20 dBm. The results show that this proposed technique is capable for detecting the field over a broad dynamical range.