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Qubit generation and photon cooling in a Ramsey interferometer

Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Instituto de Física, Felipe Oyarce

Published Jan 1, 2020• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this thesis, we propose a realizable experimental scheme to prepare a superposition of the vacuum and one-photon states using a typical cavity QED-setup. This is different from previous schemes, where the superposition state of the field is generated by resonant atom-field interaction and the cavity is initially empty. Here, we consider only dispersive atom-field interaction and the initial state of the cavity field is coherent. Then, we determine the parameters to prepare the desired state via atomic post-selection. We also include the effect of cavity losses and detection imperfections in our analysis against which this preparation of the optical qubit in a real Fabry-Perot superconducting cavity is robust. In addition, we show that this scheme can be used for the preparation of other photon number Fock state superpositions. In short, our task is achieved with high fidelity and a post-selection probability within experimental reach. With the same scheme, we propose to cool the cavity field to its ground state starting from a thermal distribution by a dispersive atom-field coupling followed by an atomic post-selection. We also analyze the effect of the cavity and atomic losses. The proposed experiment can be realized with real parameters with high fidelity.

DOI
10.7764/tesisuc/fis/62920

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In this thesis, we propose a realizable experimental scheme to prepare a superposition of the vacuum and one-photon states using a typical cavity QED-setup. This is different from previous schemes, where the superposition state of the field is generated by resonant atom-field interaction and the cavity is initially empty. Here, we consider only dispersive atom-field interaction and the initial state of the cavity field is coherent. Then, we determine the parameters to prepare the desired state via atomic post-selection. We also include the effect of cavity losses and detection imperfections in our analysis against which this preparation of the optical qubit in a real Fabry-Perot superconducting cavity is robust. In addition, we show that this scheme can be used for the preparation of other photon number Fock state superpositions. In short, our task is achieved with high fidelity and a post-selection probability within experimental reach. With the same scheme, we propose to cool the cavity field to its ground state starting from a thermal distribution by a dispersive atom-field coupling followed by an atomic post-selection. We also analyze the effect of the cavity and atomic losses. The proposed experiment can be realized with real parameters with high fidelity.
Abstract We propose a realizable experimental scheme to prepare a superposition of the vacuum and one-photon states using a typical cavity QED-setup. This is different from previous schemes, where the superposition state of the field is generated by resonant atom-field interaction and the cavity is initially empty. Here, we consider only dispersive atom-field interaction and the initial state of the cavity field is coherent. Then, we determine the parameters to prepare the desired state via atomic postselection. We also include the effect of cavity losses and detection imperfections in our analysis, against which this preparation of the optical qubit in a real Fabry–Pérot superconducting cavity is robust. Additionally, we show that this scheme can be used for the preparation of other photon number Fock state superpositions. In summary, our task is achieved with a high fidelity and a postselection probability within experimental reach.
We present the experimental realisation of a cavity QED atom interferometer based on two consecutive resonant interactions of a circular Rydberg atom with the field mode of a high Q microwave resonator that is initially prepared in the vacuum state. The interferometer scheme is analogous to the Ramsey method with the classical field replaced by the quantum field stored in the cavity mode. We demonstrate the possibility to use this technique to probe, by dispersive interaction, the field stored in a second mode of the resonator.
Theoretical analysis is given of an experimental scheme that can perform individual photon operations such as the photon annihilation operation a, creation operation a†, and commutation operation aa†−a†a, utilizing atom-cavity field interactions and conditional measurements. In order for the scheme to perform the desired photon operation, the atom-cavity field interaction times are generally required to be sufficiently short that photon annihilation and/or creation are dominated by the one-half Rabi cycle process. Such short interaction times, however, lead inevitably to a low success probability of the scheme. It is shown that this problem of low success probability can be overcome by preparing the cavity field in a superposition of a small number (two) of Fock states and choosing the interaction times appropriately.
This work is about the prospects provided by atoms coupled to optical cavities for the realization of concepts from the field of quantum information theory. In the first part we present a scheme for trapping an atom in its ground state in a cavity, which is basically in the vacuum state. Therefore losses are strongly suppressed. In the second part we investigate the generation of entangled qubits by the sequential coupling of an ancillary system to initially uncorrelated qubits. We characterize all achievable states and give a recipe for the generation on demand of an arbitrary state. In particular we discuss the case of an atom coupled to a cavity as a source. Finally we turn to collective effects in a system of many atoms coupled to the same mode of a cavity and show that they are suitable for the preparation of the atoms in an entangled state.
In this work, we develop a coherent control technique for cavity QED based on amplitude amplification. We consider two physical platforms. In the first setting, we study a three-level quantum emitter coupled to a single mode of an optical cavity and introduce a protocol for producing traveling single photons based on oblivious amplitude amplification. As the key ingredient of our protocol, we propose an extension of oblivious amplitude amplification which uses reflection unitaries solely on the signal qubit, along with UUU and U†U^\daggerU†, where the unitary UUU prepares the initial state. Our approach improves the scaling of the single-photon-generation protocol length from N∼1/pN\sim 1/pN∼1/p to N∼1/pN\sim 1/\sqrt{p}N∼1/p​, with ppp denoting the success probability of obtaining a short single photon from a single application of the weak control pulse. Furthermore, our protocol also reduces the error from intrinsic cavity loss compared to protocols using a single strong control pulse in various experimentally relevant regimes, suggesting the application of our methods for error reduction. In the second setting, we consider a superconducting qubit coupled to a single bosonic mode of a microwave cavity in a circuit QED architecture in the dispersive regime for preparing Fock states. Using fixed-point amplitude amplification, we obtain a protocol for preparing Fock states whose length scales as O(n1/4)O(n^{1/4})O(n1/4), where nnn is the number of photons. Additionally, as an application of our methods for state preparation, we describe a protocol for preparing NOON states.