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Kluwer Academic Publishers eBooks

Ramsey Interferometry with a Single Photon Field in Cavity QED

S. Osnaghi, Arno Rauschenbeutel, Patrice Bertet, Gilles Nogues, M. Brune, J. M. Raimond, S. Haroche

Published Feb 24, 2006• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present the experimental realisation of a cavity QED atom interferometer based on two consecutive resonant interactions of a circular Rydberg atom with the field mode of a high Q microwave resonator that is initially prepared in the vacuum state. The interferometer scheme is analogous to the Ramsey method with the classical field replaced by the quantum field stored in the cavity mode. We demonstrate the possibility to use this technique to probe, by dispersive interaction, the field stored in a second mode of the resonator.

DOI
10.1007/0-306-47114-0_67

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We present the experimental realisation of a cavity QED atom interferometer based on two consecutive resonant interactions of a circular Rydberg atom with the field mode of a high Q microwave resonator that is initially prepared in the vacuum state. The interferometer scheme is analogous to the Ramsey method with the classical field replaced by the quantum field stored in the cavity mode. We demonstrate the possibility to use this technique to probe, by dispersive interaction, the field stored in a second mode of the resonator.
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We propose a Ramsey interferometry experiment using an entangled state of N atoms to approach the Heisenberg limit for the estimation of an atomic phase shift if the atom number parity is perfectly determined. In a more realistic situation, due to statistical fluctuations of the atom source and the finite detection efficiency, the parity is unknown. We then achieve about half the Heisenberg limit. The scheme involves an ensemble of circular Rydberg atoms which dispersively interact successively with two initially empty microwave cavities. The scheme does not require very high-Q cavities. An experimental realization with about ten entangled Rydberg atoms is achievable with a state of art apparatus.
Circular Rydberg atoms, detected by the very sensitive and state selective field ionization method, can be used to measure and manipulate quantum fields stored in a cavity. The method is based on an interferometric detection of the dispersive energy shifts experienced by these atoms when they interact with a slightly off‐resonant field mode sustained by a cavity which the atoms cross one at a time. These shifts give rise to a translation of the Ramsey fringe pattern observed in the field ionization signal of the atoms. The method consitutes a non‐destructive way of photon counting. In this experiment, non local correlations between the atom and the cavity field are created, which could be used to perform new types of Einstein‐Podolsky‐Rosen experiments. Non classical fields could also be generated, which would display some of the properties discussed by Schrödinger in his famous ‘‘cat paradox.’’ We present the theory of these experiments which until very recently would have been considered as mere ‘‘gedanken’’ ones and we describe the operation of a Rydberg atom interferometer which has already enabled us to detect subphoton fields and to measure vacuum field effects in a cavity.
Abstract We propose a realizable experimental scheme to prepare a superposition of the vacuum and one-photon states using a typical cavity QED-setup. This is different from previous schemes, where the superposition state of the field is generated by resonant atom-field interaction and the cavity is initially empty. Here, we consider only dispersive atom-field interaction and the initial state of the cavity field is coherent. Then, we determine the parameters to prepare the desired state via atomic postselection. We also include the effect of cavity losses and detection imperfections in our analysis, against which this preparation of the optical qubit in a real Fabry–Pérot superconducting cavity is robust. Additionally, we show that this scheme can be used for the preparation of other photon number Fock state superpositions. In summary, our task is achieved with a high fidelity and a postselection probability within experimental reach.
We propose a Ramsey interferometry experiment using an entangled state of N atoms to reach the Heisenberg limit for the estimation of an atomic phase shift if the atom number parity is perfectly determined. In a more realistic situation, due to statistical fluctuations of the atom source and the finite detection efficiency, the parity is unknown. We then achieve about half the Heisenberg limit. The scheme involves an ensemble of circular Rydberg atoms which dispersively interact successively with two initially empty microwave cavities. The scheme does not require very high-Q cavities. An experimental realization with about ten entangled Rydberg atoms is achievable with state of art apparatuses. 1