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Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials

Optical Bistability in CDS

M. Wegener, A. Witt, Claus F. Klingshirn, A. Daunois, J.-Y. Bigot, Noureddine Cherkaoui Eddeqaqi, J. B. Grün, Dietmar R. Gnass, D. Jäger, G. Müller‐Vogt

Published Jan 1, 1988• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Optical bistability (OB) has potential applications in optoelectronics [1]. Beside electronic OB, which is usually fast, also photo-thermal OB often has been investigated [1]. Its main disadvantage are switching times in the μs-ms regime. In particular thin (a few μm) CdS single crystal platelets show photothermal OB due to induced absorption at room temperature at 514nm.

DOI
10.1364/nlopm.1988.tua3

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Optical bistability (OB) has potential applications in optoelectronics [1]. Beside electronic OB, which is usually fast, also photo-thermal OB often has been investigated [1]. Its main disadvantage are switching times in the μs-ms regime. In particular thin (a few μm) CdS single crystal platelets show photothermal OB due to induced absorption at room temperature at 514nm.
In this paper we present our investigations concerning thermally induced optical bistability (OB) in CdS and ZnSe. With CdS platelet type single crystals basic boolean functions are realized. The possibilities of cascadability and parallelity of the information processing and the switching dynamics of the system are examined. Further on the effect of optical noise upon the switching process and the instable branch of the hysteresis loop are measured. In ZnSe both absorptive and dispersive OB are observed. An efficient opto-electric modulator is built using the photothermal SEED-effect.
The switching dynamics of thermally induced optical bistability due to increasing absorption is investigated in thin CdS platelets, at room temperature. Fast and slow components can be observed during the switching process, they depend on the holding point intensity and on the switching pulse energy. It is shown that the transverse relaxation of the temperature in the sample influences this dynamics. The spectral shift of the band to band absorption edge, at the origin of the bistable behavior, is observed in a three beam experiment.
The authors investigate optical bistability in CdS, induced by photo-electronic non-linearities. Varying the photon energy and the temperature of the sample they find three different types of optical bistability. The switching times are always around 1 ns or below, notably 300 ps for dispersive optical bistability. Optical bistability by bleaching of absorption at room temperature shows a contrast ratio of about 50 between the two stable branches. The dependence on various parameters, including the microscopic foundations, is discussed experimentally as well as theoretically.
It has been demonstrated that thin CdS crystal platelets at room temperature may exhibit all-optical bistability under illumination with the 514nm line of an Ar+-laser1. In this case the local heating of the sample leads to induced absorption optical bistability. In the present paper we evaporate metallic contacts on CdS crystals and apply an external bias voltage. The carriers created by the incoming light lead to a photo-current which in turn increases the temperature of the sample by electrical power via Joule's heat and thereby changes the optical properties 2,3.