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Annual Meeting Optical Society of America

Phase conjugation in the far infrared via intersubband third order nonlinearities in multiple quantum well structures

I. Gravé, Mordechai Segev, Amnon Yariv

Published Jan 1, 1992• 0 citations

Abstract

We report on the observation of phase conjugation at 10.6 μm via intersubband third order nonlinearities in a multiple quantum well structure, in a phase matched configuration, yielding reflection efficiency of 0.2%. Our sample consists of 50 periods of heavily Si-doped, GaAs quantum wells, clad by AlGaAs barriers. The input facets were lapped to 45°. In our experiment, the light from a CO2 laser was split into two beams: the first, acting as the pump beam, was focussed onto the sample edge at normal incidence; the second (probe) beam was focussed at an angle of 15° from the normal. The (nor mal) reflection of the first pump beam from the back facet inside the sample provided the second counterpropagating pump beam, and the phase conjugate beam was obtained, retracing the path of the incident probe beam.

DOI: 10.1364/oam.1992.tuo1

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We have investigated intersubband absorptions between the conduction ground state and the first excited state of two AlxGa1−xAs/GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs multiple quantum well structures with x=0.3 and 85 Å well width, and with x=0.57 and 96 Å well width. Small-signal measurements show absorption peaks at 10.45 and 10.15 μm, respectively. Under an intense resonant excitation from a pulsed CO2 laser, saturation of the intersubband absorption occurred. The saturation intensity is estimated to be 340±120 kW/cm2 for the first sample and 375±120 kW/cm2 for the second. From these values, we have deduced subband decay times of the order of 10.6±3.5 ps for the first sample and 15.5±5 ps for the second.

We present a theoretical formalism, based on the transfer-matrix method and the so-called sheet model, describing light propagation in multiple-quantum-well (MQW) structures in the range of the saturated intersubband absorption. A commonly used total internal reflection geometry is considered. Intensity of the reflected light as a function of the input intensity is calculated for two-level $\mathrm{GaAs}/{\mathrm{Al}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{As}$ MQW. Numerical simulations show that the optical nonlinearity of the structures can be greatly modified by optical interference effects. In the case of sufficiently thick structures and grazing angle of incidence the multiple reflections inside the MQW can lead even to bistability.

Phase conjugation (PC) processes at degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) in the active medium of a pulsed e-beam controlled discharge CO2-laser were studied both experimentally and theoretically. The experiment was carried out with the following parameters: laser gas mixture CO2:N2:He=1:2:4, gas pressure 0.3 bar, active medium length 1.2 m, resonator length 12 m (17.7 m for single line laser), interaction angle ~10 mrad at DFWM without optical delay between probe wave and co-propagating pump one. Integral PC reflectivity (PCR) strongly depends on such parameters as: specific input energy (Fig. 1); intensity ratio for probe J3 and co-propagating pump J1 wave (Fig.2); coherency of the laser radiation, that varied by rotation of mutual polarization or with optical delay between probe wave and co-propagating pump one; geometry of DFWM; output mirror reflectance Rout (8-80%) (PCR was maximum with Rout of 8% but best quality of PC signal was observed with Rout =80%); gas mixture composition and pressure, being maximum for a mixture with a low fraction of helium and at higher pressure (up to 0.6 bar). A periodical dependence of PCR on optical delay between probe and co-propagating pump wave with periods 10−3 and 10−5 m was observed. The PCR did not depend on spectral content and a degree of linear polarization of the laser radiation.