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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Optical Phase Conjugation Using Four-Wave Mixing in Laser Diodes Subject to Strong Probe Injection Power

Yanhua Hong, Jianming Tang, K. Alan Shore

Published Jan 1, 1998• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Optical phase conjugation through nearly degenerate four-wave mixing (NDFWM) in semiconductor lasers has attracted considerable attention in recent years since being first demonstrated by Nakajima and Frey[ 1 ]. Such interest arises due to the very high conjugate reflectivity of order 30-40dB which can be achieved owing to the amplifying effect of the semiconductor gain medium and cavity enhancement of mixing process. However, most previous experimental and theoretical work has placed emphasis on the weak signal case, where the injection signal acts only as a small perturbation of free-running laser diode. It is only very recently that a theoretical analysis of NDFWM in a semiconductor laser subject to strong probe injection power has been presented[2].

DOI
10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cwo3

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Optical phase conjugation through nearly degenerate four-wave mixing (NDFWM) in semiconductor lasers has attracted considerable attention in recent years since being first demonstrated by Nakajima and Frey[ 1 ]. Such interest arises due to the very high conjugate reflectivity of order 30-40dB which can be achieved owing to the amplifying effect of the semiconductor gain medium and cavity enhancement of mixing process. However, most previous experimental and theoretical work has placed emphasis on the weak signal case, where the injection signal acts only as a small perturbation of free-running laser diode. It is only very recently that a theoretical analysis of NDFWM in a semiconductor laser subject to strong probe injection power has been presented[2].
Summary form only given. Optical phase conjugation through nearly degenerate four-wave mixing (NDFWM) in semiconductor lasers has attracted considerable attention since being first demonstrated by Nakajima and Frey (1985). Such interest arises due to the very high conjugate reflectivity of order 30-40 dB which can be achieved owing to the amplifying effect of the semiconductor gain medium and cavity enhancement of the mixing process. The paper is focused on an experimental study of NDFWM in a two-section single cavity Fabry-Perot (TSSC FP) laser diode for different probe injection powers. We present results on the conjugate reflectivity dependence of the frequency detuning subject to different injection power. It is shown that the conjugate reflectivity is dependent on optical probe injection into either section of a TSSC FP laser diode, injection power and bias current condition.
Nearly degenerate four-wave mixing in Fabry-Perot laser diodes subject to strong probe injection power is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The measured reflectivity efficiencies of signal and conjugate waves demonstrate significantly different behaviors for strong signal injection power, compared to small probe injection power. Nearly uniform conversion efficiency of order 20 - 30 dB for frequency detuning up to 3 GHz is obtained at about 0.8 (mu) W launched probe power. These experimental measurements show good agreement with numerical simulations based on an advanced model taking into account the effects of pump depletion, carrier diffusion, gain saturation as well as gain compression.
Degenerate Four Wave Mixing (DFWM) and Nearly Degenerate Four Wave Mixing (NDFWM) have attracted a considerable attention in non-linear optics. DFWM has found several applications in phase conjugation, used in real time holography and adaptive optics. To realize a higher amplification of the conjugate wave, semiconductor amplifiers have been used. A theoretical analysis of the NDFWM process has been presented by Agrawal [1]. Here, an experimental and theoretical analysis of NDFWM in Distributed Feedback (DFB) lasers is proposed, where the FWM efficiency is enhanced by the cavity feedback mechanism.
In this paper, nearly degenerate four-wave mixing created by pump-probe structure with small frequency spacing and enough high power is demonstrated and discussed by introducing single optical beam into single-mode Fabry-Pérot laser diode, in which the injected beam is called the probe wave, whose frequency detuning is controlled within ±50 GHz, and lasing resonance mode such as dominant mode or arbitrarily residual side mode is selected as the pump wave. In the case of dominant mode like the pump wave, conjugate signals around the pump-probe wave are easily observed for positive and negative probe detuning by judiciously tuning injected probe power. While external injection mode is moved towards the side mode selected as the pump wave, newly generated signals only occurred with small positive probe detuning. As the probe wave with positive frequency detuning is close to the pump wave, higher order conjugate signals are gradually grown. Under the condition of side mode as the pump wave, the strongly nonlinear mixing of the pump-probe wave also gives rise to new frequency signals on both sides of the dominant mode with enough high peak level. Against the change of correspondingly initial power and frequency detuning of the probe wave, outcome spectrum, output power, and conversion efficiency of conjugate signals are analyzed in detail, while dominant or one side mode is, respectively, selected as the pump wave.