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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Optical phase conjugation using four-wave mixing in multisection laser diodes

Yanhua Hong, K. Alan Shore, N. Brooks, Jayanta Sarma

Published Jan 1, 2000• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given. Optical phase conjugation through nearly degenerate four-wave mixing (NDFWM) in semiconductor lasers has attracted considerable attention since being first demonstrated by Nakajima and Frey (1985). Such interest arises due to the very high conjugate reflectivity of order 30-40 dB which can be achieved owing to the amplifying effect of the semiconductor gain medium and cavity enhancement of the mixing process. The paper is focused on an experimental study of NDFWM in a two-section single cavity Fabry-Perot (TSSC FP) laser diode for different probe injection powers. We present results on the conjugate reflectivity dependence of the frequency detuning subject to different injection power. It is shown that the conjugate reflectivity is dependent on optical probe injection into either section of a TSSC FP laser diode, injection power and bias current condition.

DOI
10.1109/cleoe.2000.910094

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Summary form only given. Optical phase conjugation through nearly degenerate four-wave mixing (NDFWM) in semiconductor lasers has attracted considerable attention since being first demonstrated by Nakajima and Frey (1985). Such interest arises due to the very high conjugate reflectivity of order 30-40 dB which can be achieved owing to the amplifying effect of the semiconductor gain medium and cavity enhancement of the mixing process. The paper is focused on an experimental study of NDFWM in a two-section single cavity Fabry-Perot (TSSC FP) laser diode for different probe injection powers. We present results on the conjugate reflectivity dependence of the frequency detuning subject to different injection power. It is shown that the conjugate reflectivity is dependent on optical probe injection into either section of a TSSC FP laser diode, injection power and bias current condition.
Optical phase conjugation through nearly degenerate four-wave mixing (NDFWM) in semiconductor lasers has attracted considerable attention in recent years since being first demonstrated by Nakajima and Frey[ 1 ]. Such interest arises due to the very high conjugate reflectivity of order 30-40dB which can be achieved owing to the amplifying effect of the semiconductor gain medium and cavity enhancement of mixing process. However, most previous experimental and theoretical work has placed emphasis on the weak signal case, where the injection signal acts only as a small perturbation of free-running laser diode. It is only very recently that a theoretical analysis of NDFWM in a semiconductor laser subject to strong probe injection power has been presented[2].
Nearly degenerate four-wave mixing in Fabry-Perot laser diodes subject to strong probe injection power is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The measured reflectivity efficiencies of signal and conjugate waves demonstrate significantly different behaviors for strong signal injection power, compared to small probe injection power. Nearly uniform conversion efficiency of order 20 - 30 dB for frequency detuning up to 3 GHz is obtained at about 0.8 (mu) W launched probe power. These experimental measurements show good agreement with numerical simulations based on an advanced model taking into account the effects of pump depletion, carrier diffusion, gain saturation as well as gain compression.
Nearly degenerate four wave mixing (NDFWM) in semiconductor laser amplifiers has received attention recently as a means of efficiently generating phase conjugate beams. The high efficiency is due to two factors: (i) intracavity geometry enhances pump efficiency; (ii) an amplifying nonlinear medium results in high coupling efficiency. These factors have combined to give observed conjugate reflectivities of approximately 30/40 dB. The NDFWM process in semiconductor lasers is also very fast ( tau approximately 10/sup -9/s) being limited primarily by the interband relaxation time. Recent theoretical studies, however, have suggested that temporal gratings with THz frequencies may be supportable. It should be noted that NDFWM in semiconductor lasers is quite different from four wave mixing in most other media in that to a first approximation the gratings formed are purely temporal. Spatial effects are normally neglected, both for computational convenience and because carrier diffusion tends to wash out spatial holes. Previously, the authors demonstrated how the temporal nature of the wave mixing process could be exploited to produce a resonant enhancement in a two wave mixing geometry. In this paper, they examine a novel scheme for enhancing the phase conjugate reflectivity via pumping the device resonantly at the detuning frequency. They demonstrate that on resonance, conjugate reflectivities several orders of magnitude greater than those previously reported are possible. >
Degenerate Four Wave Mixing (DFWM) and Nearly Degenerate Four Wave Mixing (NDFWM) have attracted a considerable attention in non-linear optics. DFWM has found several applications in phase conjugation, used in real time holography and adaptive optics. To realize a higher amplification of the conjugate wave, semiconductor amplifiers have been used. A theoretical analysis of the NDFWM process has been presented by Agrawal [1]. Here, an experimental and theoretical analysis of NDFWM in Distributed Feedback (DFB) lasers is proposed, where the FWM efficiency is enhanced by the cavity feedback mechanism.
Nearly degenerate four-wave mixing in two-section single-mode laser diodes with unequal (asymmetric) facet reflectivities is studied theoretically. It is demonstrated that, under appropriate biasing conditions, the device exhibits a uniform phase-conjugate reflectivity over a frequency detuning range of more than 10 GHz. We can simultaneously achieve enhancement of the four-wave-mixing bandwidth and efficiency by injecting the probe signal at and deriving the conjugate output from the low-reflectivity facet of an asymmetric two-section laser diode.