Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Electronics Letters

Optical phase conjugation in laser diodes subjectto strong probe injection power

Yanhua Hong, Jianming Tang, K.A. Shore

Published Jul 23, 1998• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Nearly degenerate four-wave mixing in semiconductor lasers is experimentally studied for different probe injection powers. It is shown, in accordance with theoretical predictions, that the reflectivity efficiencies of probe and conjugate waves demonstrate significantly different behaviour for strong probe injection power, compared with small probe power. Nearly uniform conversion efficiency of order 20–30 dB for frequency detuning up to 3 GHz is achieved at ~0.8 µW launched probe power.

DOI
10.1049/el:19981058

Related papers

Analysis and measurement of optical phase conjugation in laser diodes subject to a strong input signal

Yanhau Hong, Jianming Tang, Keith Alan Shore

Nearly degenerate four-wave mixing in Fabry-Perot laser diodes subject to strong probe injection power is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The measured reflectivity efficiencies of signal and conjugate waves demonstrate significantly different behaviors for strong signal injection power, compared to small probe injection power. Nearly uniform conversion efficiency of order 20 - 30 dB for frequency detuning up to 3 GHz is obtained at about 0.8 (mu) W launched probe power. These experimental measurements show good agreement with numerical simulations based on an advanced model taking into account the effects of pump depletion, carrier diffusion, gain saturation as well as gain compression.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Aug 19, 1998•0 citations

Optical phase conjugation using four-wave mixing in multisection laser diodes

Yanhua Hong, K. Alan Shore, N. Brooks +1 more

Summary form only given. Optical phase conjugation through nearly degenerate four-wave mixing (NDFWM) in semiconductor lasers has attracted considerable attention since being first demonstrated by Nakajima and Frey (1985). Such interest arises due to the very high conjugate reflectivity of order 30-40 dB which can be achieved owing to the amplifying effect of the semiconductor gain medium and cavity enhancement of the mixing process. The paper is focused on an experimental study of NDFWM in a two-section single cavity Fabry-Perot (TSSC FP) laser diode for different probe injection powers. We present results on the conjugate reflectivity dependence of the frequency detuning subject to different injection power. It is shown that the conjugate reflectivity is dependent on optical probe injection into either section of a TSSC FP laser diode, injection power and bias current condition.

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)•Jan 1, 2000•0 citations

Optical Phase Conjugation Using Four-Wave Mixing in Laser Diodes Subject to Strong Probe Injection Power

Yanhua Hong, Jianming Tang, K. Alan Shore

Optical phase conjugation through nearly degenerate four-wave mixing (NDFWM) in semiconductor lasers has attracted considerable attention in recent years since being first demonstrated by Nakajima and Frey[ 1 ]. Such interest arises due to the very high conjugate reflectivity of order 30-40dB which can be achieved owing to the amplifying effect of the semiconductor gain medium and cavity enhancement of mixing process. However, most previous experimental and theoretical work has placed emphasis on the weak signal case, where the injection signal acts only as a small perturbation of free-running laser diode. It is only very recently that a theoretical analysis of NDFWM in a semiconductor laser subject to strong probe injection power has been presented[2].

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)•Jan 1, 1998•0 citations

Nearly Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing in Single-Mode Fabry–Pérot Laser Diode Subject to Single Beam Optical Injection

Jian-Wei Wu, Yong Hyub Won

In this paper, nearly degenerate four-wave mixing created by pump-probe structure with small frequency spacing and enough high power is demonstrated and discussed by introducing single optical beam into single-mode Fabry-Pérot laser diode, in which the injected beam is called the probe wave, whose frequency detuning is controlled within ±50 GHz, and lasing resonance mode such as dominant mode or arbitrarily residual side mode is selected as the pump wave. In the case of dominant mode like the pump wave, conjugate signals around the pump-probe wave are easily observed for positive and negative probe detuning by judiciously tuning injected probe power. While external injection mode is moved towards the side mode selected as the pump wave, newly generated signals only occurred with small positive probe detuning. As the probe wave with positive frequency detuning is close to the pump wave, higher order conjugate signals are gradually grown. Under the condition of side mode as the pump wave, the strongly nonlinear mixing of the pump-probe wave also gives rise to new frequency signals on both sides of the dominant mode with enough high peak level. Against the change of correspondingly initial power and frequency detuning of the probe wave, outcome spectrum, output power, and conversion efficiency of conjugate signals are analyzed in detail, while dominant or one side mode is, respectively, selected as the pump wave.

IEEE photonics journal•Dec 7, 2016•3 citations

Enhanced uniform phase conjugation in two-section asymmetric laser diodes

Wai Mun Yee, K. Alan Shore

Nearly degenerate four-wave mixing in two-section single-mode laser diodes with unequal (asymmetric) facet reflectivities is studied theoretically. It is demonstrated that, under appropriate biasing conditions, the device exhibits a uniform phase-conjugate reflectivity over a frequency detuning range of more than 10 GHz. We can simultaneously achieve enhancement of the four-wave-mixing bandwidth and efficiency by injecting the probe signal at and deriving the conjugate output from the low-reflectivity facet of an asymmetric two-section laser diode.

Optics Letters•Dec 15, 1994•8 citations

Nonlinear optical-frequency conversion in semiconductor lasers

L Li, Paula J. Edwards, W.N. Cheung

A theory for the nonlinear properties of optical-frequency conversion using nearly degenerate four-wave mixing in semiconductor lasers is presented for the first time. Because of pump depletion, the converted signal and the conversion efficiency depend on both the injected probe power and the frequency detuning. The relaxation resonance frequency and the damping rate are both related to the probe signal, especially for a high optical injection level. The theory is in good agreement with experiments.

•Jan 1, 1995•0 citations
Nearly degenerate four-wave mixing in semiconductor lasers is experimentally studied for different probe injection powers. It is shown, in accordance with theoretical predictions, that the reflectivity efficiencies of probe and conjugate waves demonstrate significantly different behaviour for strong probe injection power, compared with small probe power. Nearly uniform conversion efficiency of order 20–30 dB for frequency detuning up to 3 GHz is achieved at ~0.8 µW launched probe power.
Nearly degenerate four-wave mixing in Fabry-Perot laser diodes subject to strong probe injection power is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The measured reflectivity efficiencies of signal and conjugate waves demonstrate significantly different behaviors for strong signal injection power, compared to small probe injection power. Nearly uniform conversion efficiency of order 20 - 30 dB for frequency detuning up to 3 GHz is obtained at about 0.8 (mu) W launched probe power. These experimental measurements show good agreement with numerical simulations based on an advanced model taking into account the effects of pump depletion, carrier diffusion, gain saturation as well as gain compression.
Summary form only given. Optical phase conjugation through nearly degenerate four-wave mixing (NDFWM) in semiconductor lasers has attracted considerable attention since being first demonstrated by Nakajima and Frey (1985). Such interest arises due to the very high conjugate reflectivity of order 30-40 dB which can be achieved owing to the amplifying effect of the semiconductor gain medium and cavity enhancement of the mixing process. The paper is focused on an experimental study of NDFWM in a two-section single cavity Fabry-Perot (TSSC FP) laser diode for different probe injection powers. We present results on the conjugate reflectivity dependence of the frequency detuning subject to different injection power. It is shown that the conjugate reflectivity is dependent on optical probe injection into either section of a TSSC FP laser diode, injection power and bias current condition.
Optical phase conjugation through nearly degenerate four-wave mixing (NDFWM) in semiconductor lasers has attracted considerable attention in recent years since being first demonstrated by Nakajima and Frey[ 1 ]. Such interest arises due to the very high conjugate reflectivity of order 30-40dB which can be achieved owing to the amplifying effect of the semiconductor gain medium and cavity enhancement of mixing process. However, most previous experimental and theoretical work has placed emphasis on the weak signal case, where the injection signal acts only as a small perturbation of free-running laser diode. It is only very recently that a theoretical analysis of NDFWM in a semiconductor laser subject to strong probe injection power has been presented[2].
In this paper, nearly degenerate four-wave mixing created by pump-probe structure with small frequency spacing and enough high power is demonstrated and discussed by introducing single optical beam into single-mode Fabry-Pérot laser diode, in which the injected beam is called the probe wave, whose frequency detuning is controlled within ±50 GHz, and lasing resonance mode such as dominant mode or arbitrarily residual side mode is selected as the pump wave. In the case of dominant mode like the pump wave, conjugate signals around the pump-probe wave are easily observed for positive and negative probe detuning by judiciously tuning injected probe power. While external injection mode is moved towards the side mode selected as the pump wave, newly generated signals only occurred with small positive probe detuning. As the probe wave with positive frequency detuning is close to the pump wave, higher order conjugate signals are gradually grown. Under the condition of side mode as the pump wave, the strongly nonlinear mixing of the pump-probe wave also gives rise to new frequency signals on both sides of the dominant mode with enough high peak level. Against the change of correspondingly initial power and frequency detuning of the probe wave, outcome spectrum, output power, and conversion efficiency of conjugate signals are analyzed in detail, while dominant or one side mode is, respectively, selected as the pump wave.
Nearly degenerate four-wave mixing in two-section single-mode laser diodes with unequal (asymmetric) facet reflectivities is studied theoretically. It is demonstrated that, under appropriate biasing conditions, the device exhibits a uniform phase-conjugate reflectivity over a frequency detuning range of more than 10 GHz. We can simultaneously achieve enhancement of the four-wave-mixing bandwidth and efficiency by injecting the probe signal at and deriving the conjugate output from the low-reflectivity facet of an asymmetric two-section laser diode.
A theory for the nonlinear properties of optical-frequency conversion using nearly degenerate four-wave mixing in semiconductor lasers is presented for the first time. Because of pump depletion, the converted signal and the conversion efficiency depend on both the injected probe power and the frequency detuning. The relaxation resonance frequency and the damping rate are both related to the probe signal, especially for a high optical injection level. The theory is in good agreement with experiments.