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IEEE International Semiconductor Laser Conference (ISLC)

Nearly degenerate four wave mixing in DFB lasers

Antonio Mecozzi, P. Spanò, Alessandro D’Ottavi, Ruijie Hui

Published Aug 24, 2005• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Degenerate Four Wave Mixing (DFWM) and Nearly Degenerate Four Wave Mixing (NDFWM) have attracted a considerable attention in non-linear optics. DFWM has found several applications in phase conjugation, used in real time holography and adaptive optics. To realize a higher amplification of the conjugate wave, semiconductor amplifiers have been used. A theoretical analysis of the NDFWM process has been presented by Agrawal [1]. Here, an experimental and theoretical analysis of NDFWM in Distributed Feedback (DFB) lasers is proposed, where the FWM efficiency is enhanced by the cavity feedback mechanism.

DOI
10.1109/islc.1992.763598

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Degenerate Four Wave Mixing (DFWM) and Nearly Degenerate Four Wave Mixing (NDFWM) have attracted a considerable attention in non-linear optics. DFWM has found several applications in phase conjugation, used in real time holography and adaptive optics. To realize a higher amplification of the conjugate wave, semiconductor amplifiers have been used. A theoretical analysis of the NDFWM process has been presented by Agrawal [1]. Here, an experimental and theoretical analysis of NDFWM in Distributed Feedback (DFB) lasers is proposed, where the FWM efficiency is enhanced by the cavity feedback mechanism.
Optical phase conjugation through nearly degenerate four-wave mixing (NDFWM) in semiconductor lasers has attracted considerable attention in recent years since being first demonstrated by Nakajima and Frey[ 1 ]. Such interest arises due to the very high conjugate reflectivity of order 30-40dB which can be achieved owing to the amplifying effect of the semiconductor gain medium and cavity enhancement of mixing process. However, most previous experimental and theoretical work has placed emphasis on the weak signal case, where the injection signal acts only as a small perturbation of free-running laser diode. It is only very recently that a theoretical analysis of NDFWM in a semiconductor laser subject to strong probe injection power has been presented[2].
Nearly degenerate four wave mixing (NDFWM) in semiconductor laser amplifiers has received attention recently as a means of efficiently generating phase conjugate beams. The high efficiency is due to two factors: (i) intracavity geometry enhances pump efficiency; (ii) an amplifying nonlinear medium results in high coupling efficiency. These factors have combined to give observed conjugate reflectivities of approximately 30/40 dB. The NDFWM process in semiconductor lasers is also very fast ( tau approximately 10/sup -9/s) being limited primarily by the interband relaxation time. Recent theoretical studies, however, have suggested that temporal gratings with THz frequencies may be supportable. It should be noted that NDFWM in semiconductor lasers is quite different from four wave mixing in most other media in that to a first approximation the gratings formed are purely temporal. Spatial effects are normally neglected, both for computational convenience and because carrier diffusion tends to wash out spatial holes. Previously, the authors demonstrated how the temporal nature of the wave mixing process could be exploited to produce a resonant enhancement in a two wave mixing geometry. In this paper, they examine a novel scheme for enhancing the phase conjugate reflectivity via pumping the device resonantly at the detuning frequency. They demonstrate that on resonance, conjugate reflectivities several orders of magnitude greater than those previously reported are possible. >
Summary form only given. Optical phase conjugation through nearly degenerate four-wave mixing (NDFWM) in semiconductor lasers has attracted considerable attention since being first demonstrated by Nakajima and Frey (1985). Such interest arises due to the very high conjugate reflectivity of order 30-40 dB which can be achieved owing to the amplifying effect of the semiconductor gain medium and cavity enhancement of the mixing process. The paper is focused on an experimental study of NDFWM in a two-section single cavity Fabry-Perot (TSSC FP) laser diode for different probe injection powers. We present results on the conjugate reflectivity dependence of the frequency detuning subject to different injection power. It is shown that the conjugate reflectivity is dependent on optical probe injection into either section of a TSSC FP laser diode, injection power and bias current condition.
Nearly degenerate four-wave mixing (NDFWM) in a traveling-wave semiconductor laser amplifier is demonstrated by simultaneously injecting two lights of slightly different frequencies in the same direction. A new frequency light at an expected frequency for NDFWM is observed with the same order of output as that of the injected light. The output power ratio of the three beams is strongly dependent on the sign of the frequency detuning. Theoretical analysis, in which the carrier rate equation is coupled with nonlinear Maxwell’s equations, explains the experimental results well. The observed behaviors are attributed to a unique third-order nonlinearity stemming from saturation-induced refractive index change in the semiconductor gain medium.
Nearly degenerate four-wave mixing in distributed feedback semiconductor lasers above threshold in investigated theoretically and experimentally. The experimental results reveal an almost symmetric amplification of probe and conjugate fields versus frequency with respect to zero pump-probe detuning, in contrast with observations in traveling wave amplifiers. The result of the theory, based on the coupled mode formalism, is a set of nonlinear differential equations which are solved in the mean field approximation. The theory is shown to match well with the experimental results when the effect of the nonlinear gain compression is taken into account.>