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Applied Physics Letters

Four-wave mixing in a distributed-feedback laser

Jeffrey R. Minch, C. S. Chang, S. L. Chuang

Published Mar 17, 1997• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a detailed study of four-wave mixing in a long-wavelength distributed-feedback (DFB) laser for both nearly degenerate and nondegenerate pump-probe detunings. We characterize scaling laws of the power dependence of multiple conjugate waves on the pump and probe power levels for the nearly degenerate case. We also measure the output ratio of the probe and conjugate waves up to a detuning of 500 GHz and report the cavity enhancement of the DFB laser on this output ratio.

DOI
10.1063/1.118579

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We present a detailed study of four-wave mixing in a long-wavelength distributed-feedback (DFB) laser for both nearly degenerate and nondegenerate pump-probe detunings. We characterize scaling laws of the power dependence of multiple conjugate waves on the pump and probe power levels for the nearly degenerate case. We also measure the output ratio of the probe and conjugate waves up to a detuning of 500 GHz and report the cavity enhancement of the DFB laser on this output ratio.
We present both theoretical and experimental studies of four-wave mixing in a distributed-feedback (DFB) laser. The measured amplified spontaneous emission and probe gain spectra are also used to extract the DFB laser parameters. We use mean-field theory to investigate both nearly degenerate and non-degenerate four-wave mixings. For small pump-probe detunings, the dependence of multiple conjugate waves on the pump and probe powers is measured. For larger detunings, the gain of the probe signal and the conversion efficiency are measured in great detail up to a detuning of /spl plusmn/550 GHz. The measured conversion efficiencies as a function of the pump-probe detuning and the power scaling laws are compared with those of the theoretical results. We also demonstrate the DFB cavity effects on the conversion efficiency spectrum.
Degenerate Four Wave Mixing (DFWM) and Nearly Degenerate Four Wave Mixing (NDFWM) have attracted a considerable attention in non-linear optics. DFWM has found several applications in phase conjugation, used in real time holography and adaptive optics. To realize a higher amplification of the conjugate wave, semiconductor amplifiers have been used. A theoretical analysis of the NDFWM process has been presented by Agrawal [1]. Here, an experimental and theoretical analysis of NDFWM in Distributed Feedback (DFB) lasers is proposed, where the FWM efficiency is enhanced by the cavity feedback mechanism.
We present a comprehensive theoretical model with experimental results on four-wave mixing in a distributed feedback laser with two pump modes. Here the twin lasing modes serve as pump waves for the four-wave mixing, which takes place within the laser cavity. We show what we believe are new experimental measurements of the two-pump four-wave mixing conversion efficiency spectrum and show that, to first order, there is no fundamental dependence of the conversion efficiency on pump separation. This result indicates significant improvement in the probe and conjugate wavelength separation and in the conversion efficiency. Our theoretical model agrees quite well with the measured data and predicts the key experimentally observed phenomena, including the relative invariance of the conversion efficiency on pump separation, and the strong enhancement of certain conjugate waves when the probe detuning is close to the pump separation.
Nearly degenerate four-wave mixing in distributed feedback semiconductor lasers above threshold in investigated theoretically and experimentally. The experimental results reveal an almost symmetric amplification of probe and conjugate fields versus frequency with respect to zero pump-probe detuning, in contrast with observations in traveling wave amplifiers. The result of the theory, based on the coupled mode formalism, is a set of nonlinear differential equations which are solved in the mean field approximation. The theory is shown to match well with the experimental results when the effect of the nonlinear gain compression is taken into account.>
In this paper, nearly degenerate four-wave mixing created by pump-probe structure with small frequency spacing and enough high power is demonstrated and discussed by introducing single optical beam into single-mode Fabry-Pérot laser diode, in which the injected beam is called the probe wave, whose frequency detuning is controlled within ±50 GHz, and lasing resonance mode such as dominant mode or arbitrarily residual side mode is selected as the pump wave. In the case of dominant mode like the pump wave, conjugate signals around the pump-probe wave are easily observed for positive and negative probe detuning by judiciously tuning injected probe power. While external injection mode is moved towards the side mode selected as the pump wave, newly generated signals only occurred with small positive probe detuning. As the probe wave with positive frequency detuning is close to the pump wave, higher order conjugate signals are gradually grown. Under the condition of side mode as the pump wave, the strongly nonlinear mixing of the pump-probe wave also gives rise to new frequency signals on both sides of the dominant mode with enough high peak level. Against the change of correspondingly initial power and frequency detuning of the probe wave, outcome spectrum, output power, and conversion efficiency of conjugate signals are analyzed in detail, while dominant or one side mode is, respectively, selected as the pump wave.