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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Dual-pump four-wave mixing in a double-mode distributed feedback laser

Jeffrey R. Minch, S. L. Chuang

Published Jan 1, 2000• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a comprehensive theoretical model with experimental results on four-wave mixing in a distributed feedback laser with two pump modes. Here the twin lasing modes serve as pump waves for the four-wave mixing, which takes place within the laser cavity. We show what we believe are new experimental measurements of the two-pump four-wave mixing conversion efficiency spectrum and show that, to first order, there is no fundamental dependence of the conversion efficiency on pump separation. This result indicates significant improvement in the probe and conjugate wavelength separation and in the conversion efficiency. Our theoretical model agrees quite well with the measured data and predicts the key experimentally observed phenomena, including the relative invariance of the conversion efficiency on pump separation, and the strong enhancement of certain conjugate waves when the probe detuning is close to the pump separation.

DOI
10.1364/josab.17.000053

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We present a comprehensive theoretical model with experimental results on four-wave mixing in a distributed feedback laser with two pump modes. Here the twin lasing modes serve as pump waves for the four-wave mixing, which takes place within the laser cavity. We show what we believe are new experimental measurements of the two-pump four-wave mixing conversion efficiency spectrum and show that, to first order, there is no fundamental dependence of the conversion efficiency on pump separation. This result indicates significant improvement in the probe and conjugate wavelength separation and in the conversion efficiency. Our theoretical model agrees quite well with the measured data and predicts the key experimentally observed phenomena, including the relative invariance of the conversion efficiency on pump separation, and the strong enhancement of certain conjugate waves when the probe detuning is close to the pump separation.
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Nearly degenerate four-wave mixing in distributed feedback semiconductor lasers above threshold in investigated theoretically and experimentally. The experimental results reveal an almost symmetric amplification of probe and conjugate fields versus frequency with respect to zero pump-probe detuning, in contrast with observations in traveling wave amplifiers. The result of the theory, based on the coupled mode formalism, is a set of nonlinear differential equations which are solved in the mean field approximation. The theory is shown to match well with the experimental results when the effect of the nonlinear gain compression is taken into account.>
In this paper, nearly degenerate four-wave mixing created by pump-probe structure with small frequency spacing and enough high power is demonstrated and discussed by introducing single optical beam into single-mode Fabry-Pérot laser diode, in which the injected beam is called the probe wave, whose frequency detuning is controlled within ±50 GHz, and lasing resonance mode such as dominant mode or arbitrarily residual side mode is selected as the pump wave. In the case of dominant mode like the pump wave, conjugate signals around the pump-probe wave are easily observed for positive and negative probe detuning by judiciously tuning injected probe power. While external injection mode is moved towards the side mode selected as the pump wave, newly generated signals only occurred with small positive probe detuning. As the probe wave with positive frequency detuning is close to the pump wave, higher order conjugate signals are gradually grown. Under the condition of side mode as the pump wave, the strongly nonlinear mixing of the pump-probe wave also gives rise to new frequency signals on both sides of the dominant mode with enough high peak level. Against the change of correspondingly initial power and frequency detuning of the probe wave, outcome spectrum, output power, and conversion efficiency of conjugate signals are analyzed in detail, while dominant or one side mode is, respectively, selected as the pump wave.
Nearly degenerate four-wave mixing in Fabry-Perot laser diodes subject to strong probe injection power is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The measured reflectivity efficiencies of signal and conjugate waves demonstrate significantly different behaviors for strong signal injection power, compared to small probe injection power. Nearly uniform conversion efficiency of order 20 - 30 dB for frequency detuning up to 3 GHz is obtained at about 0.8 (mu) W launched probe power. These experimental measurements show good agreement with numerical simulations based on an advanced model taking into account the effects of pump depletion, carrier diffusion, gain saturation as well as gain compression.