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IEEE International Conference of Electron Devices Society Kolkata Chapter (EDKCON)

QCA based Majority Voter Design using IBMQ

Arpita Kundu, Jadav Chandra Das, Debashis De

Published Nov 26, 2022• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum technology application is a rapidly developing discipline in future-generation research. It has grown its appeal due to several unique aspects which cannot be encountered in classical domains. Quantum properties can be used to create powerful and effective technology. The processing capability of a quantum computer is triggered by managing quantum particles in a quantum computer, which improves transformation in many domains. Quantum logic operations have the significant benefit of being reversible. Unlike classical irreversible processing, quantum logic gates are reversible and unitary, allowing input bits to be recovered via a one-to-one connection between input and output bits. In QCADesigner, as well as in the Quantum environment, different reversible logic gates may be constructed. Some other promising features include Superposition (Quantum Parallelism), Entanglement, etc. This study uses IBM quantum to create the QCA-based Majority voter gate.

DOI
10.1109/edkcon56221.2022.10032827

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Quantum technology application is a rapidly developing discipline in future-generation research. It has grown its appeal due to several unique aspects which cannot be encountered in classical domains. Quantum properties can be used to create powerful and effective technology. The processing capability of a quantum computer is triggered by managing quantum particles in a quantum computer, which improves transformation in many domains. Quantum logic operations have the significant benefit of being reversible. Unlike classical irreversible processing, quantum logic gates are reversible and unitary, allowing input bits to be recovered via a one-to-one connection between input and output bits. In QCADesigner, as well as in the Quantum environment, different reversible logic gates may be constructed. Some other promising features include Superposition (Quantum Parallelism), Entanglement, etc. This study uses IBM quantum to create the QCA-based Majority voter gate.
Quantum Computing is an emerging technology that offers significant advantages over classical computation with regard to speed, circuit density and heat dissipation. These future computers employs the reversibility property to make the computations faster. In contrast to conventional computers, quantum computers can restore the input bits uniquely after the logic block is evaluated, as input and output bits exhibits one-to-one correlation. To make the best use of this technology with existing limitations ,this paper focuses on building quantum adder circuits with less gate-count using IBM Qiskit. The Qiskit output should be analogous to the conventional output. Also to analyze the working of quantum circuits in layout structure, "Quantum Dot Cellular Automata(QCA)" technology is employed. In this approach, the reversible adder design is executed using the QCA designer tool with efficient formulation and novel arrangement of QCA cells. The proposed design has better complexity than other previous works with a declined number of gate-count, cell-count, delay and area.
Emerging quantum computing technologies are poised to replace standard CMOS logic when the exponential size reduction reaches sub-atomic dimensions. Quantum circuits are reversible and therefore promise the potential of computation without energy loss. This research considers computer aided design (CAD) methods for all major aspects of quantum computing circuit design including logic synthesis, simulation, verification, and testing. The technologies we investigate include quantum cell automata (QCA) and general quantum circuits (QC), with significantly more emphasis on the later. The recently introduced quantum multi-valued decision diagram (QMDD) provides an efficient method to represent and simulate quantum (and other classical reversible) circuits. A major contribution of this dissertation is the development of a sift-like minimization as well as structure metrics based minimization techniques for QMDD. We have used the enhanced QMDD to efficiently simulate quantum circuits as well as quantum vectors. Our early investigation of reversible logic is concerned with a virtual implementation that uses a direct translation of relatively complex binary functions into circuits composed of Fredkin reversible gates. This allowed us to project size and speed complexity of complex reversible circuits, although this direct translation approach fails to minimize garbage inputs and outputs. To achieve proper garbage minimization, one must synthesize reversible logic using gate cascades with appropriate optimization methods embedded that attempt to minimize the total number of lines in the circuit. To that end, we developed a novel QMDD-based tool for cascade logic synthesis that utilizes the QMDD minimized variable order for lexicographical synthesis with garbage minimization included as an optimization criterion. We developed a synthesis tool that investigates the QCA native 3-input majority gates ability to implement complex logic circuits. In particular, we explore the benefit of transforming the logic description into exclusive sum of products (ESOP) forms prior to implementation in the majority gates. We survey recent efforts in establishing the foundation for QC testing and fault tolerant QC. We project the potential use of random tests as well as built in self test (BIST) techniques for future QC. A major contribution of this dissertation is the investigation of partially redundant reversible logic. Detection of partially redundant logic within any design, reversible or irreversible, has ramifications for logic synthesis, for design verification, and for design for test (DFT) issues.
Quantum is an emerging technology in future computers. Reversibility is the main advantage of quantum computers. In conventional computers, the computation is irreversible i.e. the input bits are lost once the logic block generates the output and input bits cannot be restored but it can be done in reversible computation because in reversible computation the inputs and outputs have a one-to-one correspondence. Therefore, a reversible gate input could even be uniquely determined from their output which leads to less power consumption. Hence the complexity of the digital circuits can be reduced by using reversible computing. In quantum computer to perform reversible operations, we need to implement the reversible gates using quantum gates. In this paper, we discussed various reversible logic gates like Feynman, Toffoli, R, Peres and TR gates using basic quantum gates like CNOT, Pauli, Swap gates and their implementation using IBM quantum experience.
Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is a rising innovation which seems to be a good competitor for the next generation of digital systems and widely utilized as a part of advanced frameworks.It is an appealing substitute to ordinary CMOS innovation because of diminutive size, faster speed, extremely scalable feature, ultralow power consumption and better switching frequency.The realization of quantum computation is not possible without reversible logic.Reversible logic has enlarged operations in quantum computation.Generally reversible computing is executed when system composes of reversible gates.It has numerous fields of use as applied science, quantum dot cellular automata as well as low power VLSI circuits, low power CMOS, digital signal processing, computer graphics.In this paper, the quantum implementation of primitive reversible gate has been presented.The proposed gates have been designed and simulated using QCADesigner.
Quantum technology is graciously budding in nano-communication due to its properties and logical function, having the momentous prosperity of being reversible. It has gained an appeal to future-generation research owing to those sole aspects that may not be explored in the classical realm. A reliable nano-communication system utilizes varied error detection and correction techniques. Beyond low device density, authentic random number generation is a crucial issue in the cryptographic aspects of future communication architecture. To our knowledge, this is the innate study of an intriguing prospect: the design and implementation based on the lower level of power 'even/odd parity generator' using a single multi-operative reversible gate that has been achieved and functionally authenticated in the QCA nanotechnology, likewise in the IBMQ experience allied to quantum-based technologies. This breakthrough in nanotechnology and quantum-based technologies could have significant implications for blooming more efficient, secure communication systems in post-quantum cryptography.
The futuristic computing systems with low power dissipation are of interest among Researchers. Reversible logic provides less power dissipation as well as individual output assignment for each individual input. Hence designing reversible circuits are of great importance which finds significant application in Quantum Computing. It is a kind of computing that performs operations on data using quantum mechanical properties, such as superposition and entanglement. Unlike classical computing, quantum computing works on quantum bits. Qubits are processed by Quantum circuits, the basic building blocks of Quantum Computers. In this paper reversible Quantum arithmetic circuit like half adder, full adder, half subtractor and full subtractor are simulated using IBM Q simulator and the corresponding truth tables are verified.