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Joint Conference of the European Frequency and Time Forum and IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFCS)

Progress towards chip-scale atomic clock in Peking University

Jianye Zhao, Ruiyuan Liu, Hongling Meng, Ermeng Hu, Canbin He, Zhong Wang

Published Jul 1, 2017• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this papar we reported our progress toward chip-scale atomic clock (CPT) based on the87Rb coherent population trapping (CPT) transition. During last year, we did great work in improving the performance of our CSAC, especially in frequency drift and long-term frequency stability. It is a remarkable achievement that the amplitude of the drift is around 7.0×10-12/day and long-term stability is around 6.7×10-12at 105s.

DOI
10.1109/fcs.2017.8088973

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In this papar we reported our progress toward chip-scale atomic clock (CPT) based on the87Rb coherent population trapping (CPT) transition. During last year, we did great work in improving the performance of our CSAC, especially in frequency drift and long-term frequency stability. It is a remarkable achievement that the amplitude of the drift is around 7.0×10-12/day and long-term stability is around 6.7×10-12at 105s.
Ever since the idea of the chip-scale atomic clock (CSAC) based on coherent population trapping (CPT) transition theory was proposed, the CSAC has been used widely in many various fields because of its characteristics of low power consumption, small size and good performance. It can be used in micro-positioning navigation and timing system, geophysical prospecting of the ocean bottom, and 5G communication system. Researchers work on reducing its volume and power consumption to make it more widely used. In the meantime, we all made great effort to improve its long-term stability. In this paper, we report our progress toward chip-scale atomic clock based on the87Rb CPT transition during 2019. We reduced the volume of the CSAC from 20 cm3to 12 cm3. For the physical part, we optimized the structure of the physical package to make sure it is possible for mass production. For the electrical part, we redesigned and rearranged the circuit, optimized the temperature control algorithm, employed a disciplining method. Finally, the frequency stability of CSAC was obtained to be 3.66×10-11, 6.39×10-12and 3.42 ×10-13at the interrogation time of 1 s, 103s and 104s respectively.
An ultra-low power consumed chip-scale atomic clock (CSAC) based on rubidium 87 coherent population trapping (CPT) resonance was reported in this paper. During the previous year, we focused on the power consumption deduction and dedicated to improve the frequency stability simultaneously. The power consumption of physical package was dramatically dropped to 20 mW, and thus the total power consumed by the CSAC is below 160 mW. Long term frequency stability with 1.65×10-11at 100s., and 8.91×10-12at 1000s is obtained.
Research on chip-scale atomic clocks (CSACs) based on coherent population trapping (CPT) is reviewed. The background and the inspiration for the research are described, including the important schemes proposed to improve the CPT signal quality, the selection of atoms and buffer gases, and the development of micro-cell fabrication. With regard to the reliability, stability, and service life of the CSACs, the research regarding the sensitivity of the CPT resonance to temperature and laser power changes is also reviewed, as well as the CPT resonance's collision and light of frequency shifts. The first generation CSACs have already been developed but its characters are still far from our expectations. Our conclusion is that miniaturization and power reduction are the most important aspects calling for further research.
The authors are developing chip-scale atomic clocks (CSACs) based on the85Rb coherent population trap (CPT) transition. As an intermediate milestone, we have developed a miniature atomic clock prototype. In this paper, we report on the design combing the miniature physics part, low-power digital control circuits and low-power microwave system, and the process that enable an atomic clock to be made with an overall size of 20 cm3volume, power consumption about 400 mWatts, and an Allen Deviation at 100 s of 2.9E-11.