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Optics Letters

Coherent population trapping resonances in thermal ^85Rb vapor: D_1 versus D_2 line excitation: errata

M. Stähler, R. Wynands, Svenja A. Knappe, John E. Kitching, Leo W. Hollberg, А. В. Тайченачев, Valeriy I. Yudin

Published Dec 2, 2002• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In our recent Letter,(1) Ref. 12 was printed incorrectly. The correct reference is M. Zhu, Coherent population trapping-based frequency standard and method for generating a frequency standard incorporating a quantum absorber that genrates the CPT state with high frequency, U.S. patent 6,359,916 (March 19, 2002).
DOI
10.1364/ol.27.002130

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Coherent population trapping resonances in thermal ^85Rb vapor: D_1 versus D_2 line excitation

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Passive atomic frequency standard based on coherent population trapping in ^87Rb using injection-locked lasers

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We present a microwave frequency standard based on coherent population trapping (CPT) in the 87Rb D1 line. The CPT spectrum is obtained using two Raman lasers with a 6.8 GHz frequency offset by injection locking of a master laser to a slave laser. We have constructed an atomic clock employing a 5 cm long Rb vapor cell confined with 6.67 kPa neon buffer gas at 70 °C. Using this system, we improve the CPT contrast through the elimination of undesired off-resonant fields created by the direct modulation method. We measured the frequency shift of the CPT signal as a function of the temperature of the Rb cell and estimated it to be approximately 1.3 ×10−9/K. The frequency of a 10 MHz crystal oscillator has been stabilized to the CPT spectrum between the two ground states in 87Rb. The relative frequency stability is approximately 2.3×10−12 for an average time of 68 s.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Nov 1, 2006•23 citations
We have compared coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances, both experimentally and theoretically, for excitation of the D(1) and D(2) transitions of thermal (85)Rb vapor. Excitation of the D(1) line results in greater resonance contrast than excitation of the D(2) line and in a reduction in the resonance width, in agreement with theoretical expectations. These results translate into a nearly tenfold improvement in performance for the application of CPT resonances to a frequency standard or a sensitive magnetometer when the D(1) line, rather than the D(2) line, is used.
We report an experimental comparison of three-photon-absorption resonances (known as "N-resonances") for the D_1 and D_2 optical transitions of thermal 87Rb vapor. We find that the D_2 N-resonance has better contrast, a broader linewidth, and a more symmetric lineshape than the D_1 N-resonance. Taken together, these factors imply superior performance for frequency standards operating on alkali D_2 N-resonances, in contrast to coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances for which the D_2 transition provides poorer frequency standard performance than the D_1 transition.
A 85Rb D1-line coherent-population-trapping (CPT) atomic clock with a natural-mixture Rb gas cell is demonstrated. D1-line excitation can generate a larger CPT resonance amplitude, and the choice of 85Rb rather than conventional 87Rb is because of its lower ground-state hyperfine-splitting frequency. The frequency deviation for the D1 line was measured using the same experimental setup as that for the D2 line except for the vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) wavelength and RF power. In the case of D1-line excitation, the CPT resonance amplitude was 1.5 times that for the D2 line, and the light shift sensitivity was one-half that for the D2 line. The Allan standard deviations for the 85Rb D1 line, estimated from the frequency deviations, are <2.5×10-12 per day. In addition, the required RF is 1.5 GHz and its power is only -8.0 dBm.
We present a microwave frequency standard based on coherent population trapping (CPT) in the 87Rb D1 line. The CPT spectrum is obtained using two Raman lasers with a 6.8 GHz frequency offset by injection locking of a master laser to a slave laser. We have constructed an atomic clock employing a 5 cm long Rb vapor cell confined with 6.67 kPa neon buffer gas at 70 °C. Using this system, we improve the CPT contrast through the elimination of undesired off-resonant fields created by the direct modulation method. We measured the frequency shift of the CPT signal as a function of the temperature of the Rb cell and estimated it to be approximately 1.3 ×10−9/K. The frequency of a 10 MHz crystal oscillator has been stabilized to the CPT spectrum between the two ground states in 87Rb. The relative frequency stability is approximately 2.3×10−12 for an average time of 68 s.