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Optics Letters

Coherent population trapping resonances in thermal ^85Rb vapor: D_1 versus D_2 line excitation

M. Stähler, R. Wynands, Svenja A. Knappe, John E. Kitching, Leo W. Hollberg, А. В. Тайченачев, Valeriy I. Yudin

Published Aug 15, 2002• 154 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have compared coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances, both experimentally and theoretically, for excitation of the D(1) and D(2) transitions of thermal (85)Rb vapor. Excitation of the D(1) line results in greater resonance contrast than excitation of the D(2) line and in a reduction in the resonance width, in agreement with theoretical expectations. These results translate into a nearly tenfold improvement in performance for the application of CPT resonances to a frequency standard or a sensitive magnetometer when the D(1) line, rather than the D(2) line, is used.

DOI
10.1364/ol.27.001472

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In our recent Letter,(1) Ref. 12 was printed incorrectly. The correct reference is M. Zhu, Coherent population trapping-based frequency standard and method for generating a frequency standard incorporating a quantum absorber that genrates the CPT state with high frequency, U.S. patent 6,359,916 (March 19, 2002).

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Oct 8, 2010•4 citations
We have compared coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances, both experimentally and theoretically, for excitation of the D(1) and D(2) transitions of thermal (85)Rb vapor. Excitation of the D(1) line results in greater resonance contrast than excitation of the D(2) line and in a reduction in the resonance width, in agreement with theoretical expectations. These results translate into a nearly tenfold improvement in performance for the application of CPT resonances to a frequency standard or a sensitive magnetometer when the D(1) line, rather than the D(2) line, is used.
We report an experimental comparison of three-photon-absorption resonances (known as "N-resonances") for the D_1 and D_2 optical transitions of thermal 87Rb vapor. We find that the D_2 N-resonance has better contrast, a broader linewidth, and a more symmetric lineshape than the D_1 N-resonance. Taken together, these factors imply superior performance for frequency standards operating on alkali D_2 N-resonances, in contrast to coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances for which the D_2 transition provides poorer frequency standard performance than the D_1 transition.
We report an experimental comparison of three-photon-absorption resonances (N-resonances) for the D1 and D2 optical transitions of thermal (87)Rb vapor. We find that the D2 N-resonance has better contrast, a broader linewidth, and a more symmetric line shape than the D1 N-resonance. Taken together, these factors imply superior performance for frequency standards operating on alkali D2 N-resonances, in contrast with coherent population trapping resonances, for which the D2 transition provides poorer frequency standard performance than the D1 transition.
A 85Rb D1-line coherent-population-trapping (CPT) atomic clock with a natural-mixture Rb gas cell is demonstrated. D1-line excitation can generate a larger CPT resonance amplitude, and the choice of 85Rb rather than conventional 87Rb is because of its lower ground-state hyperfine-splitting frequency. The frequency deviation for the D1 line was measured using the same experimental setup as that for the D2 line except for the vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) wavelength and RF power. In the case of D1-line excitation, the CPT resonance amplitude was 1.5 times that for the D2 line, and the light shift sensitivity was one-half that for the D2 line. The Allan standard deviations for the 85Rb D1 line, estimated from the frequency deviations, are <2.5×10-12 per day. In addition, the required RF is 1.5 GHz and its power is only -8.0 dBm.
The fast development of CPT applications and the need of good magnetooptical sensors result in an increased interest in the Coherent Population Trapping (CPT) resonances and the processes that determine their shape. In this work the shape and width of the CPT resonances are investigated in two different paraffin-coated Rb vapor cells from point of view of understanding the processes influencing the shape of the resonances and building of miniature and sensitive detector. The dependence of the shape of the resonances on the laser power is measured. Narrow resonances on three hyperfine transitions of the D1 87Rb line are registered. For explanation of the bright structure in the resonance shapes at low laser powers analysis of the influence of different processes is made.