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Journal of «Almaz – Antey» Air and Defence Corporation

Development of a software model for quantum computations and simulation of quantum algorithms operation based on Elbrus platform

Mikhail Kirilyuk, Nikita Bocharov

Published Mar 24, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A software model for quantum computations has been developed and described within the scope of the study. Using the developed model, an experiment was carried out on the Elbrus-801 computing system. During the experiment, the operation of different quantum circuits and algorithms was simulated. The developed model can be used for developing and debugging computationally complex algorithms that may be useful for computational tasks related to aerospace defence applications.

DOI
10.38013/2542-0542-2022-1-93-101

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A software model for quantum computations has been developed and described within the scope of the study. Using the developed model, an experiment was carried out on the Elbrus-801 computing system. During the experiment, the operation of different quantum circuits and algorithms was simulated. The developed model can be used for developing and debugging computationally complex algorithms that may be useful for computational tasks related to aerospace defence applications.
Background. The object of the study is specialized computing systems containing a quantum coprocessor. The subject of the study is the process of organizing calculations in specialized computing systems, taking into account the interaction of quantum and classical computers. The purpose of the work is to evaluate the effectiveness of solving computationally complex problems using specialized computing systems with a quantum coprocessor by developing a software model of a computing complex that includes a quantum coprocessor. Materials and methods. Studies of the process of organizing calculations in specialized computing systems, taking into account the interaction of quantum and classical computers, were carried out using simulation and experimental methods. Results. A software model has been developed. The software model of the computing complex, which includes a quantum coprocessor, is made in the form of a set of experimental programs and placed on a modeling stand based on the Russian hardware and software platform “Elbrus”. The developed software package consists of three parts: interface, computing and web applications. Conclusions. Using the developed software model placed on the simulation stand, estimates of the efficiency of solving a number of problems using a quantum coprocessor were obtained. It is shown that for some tasks the acceleration obtained using a quantum coprocessor can reach exponential levels.
This paper presents the development of a quantum computing simulator on the Elbrus VLIW microprocessor architecture. The simulator is designed to efficiently simulate quantum algorithms by leveraging the parallelism and instruction-level optimization provided by the Elbrus processors. Key features of the simulator include integration with the Elbrus Media Library (EML) to accelerate matrix operations, support for quantum circuit design through a graphical user interface, and the ability to simulate up to 30 qubits using standard storage methods. Additionally, the use of sparse matrix techniques allows for the simulation of larger quantum systems, potentially up to 35 qubits, within a 32 GB memory limit. The results highlight the potential of using VLIW microprocessors for quantum computing simulations and provide insights into the future scalability of such systems.
The theory of quantum computing is being actively developed. Despite the fact that quantum computing device has some peculiarities, any task designed for a classical computer can be reproduced on a quantum system. The aim of the research is to develop a methodology for constructing models of quantum systems simulators using hardware simulators. The subject of this research is methods for constructing quantum computing devices and systems. In the course of the research, the system analysis methods and computer modeling, methods of object-oriented design were used. Modern high-level languages were used to solve the problems of constructing a modular quantum system with an open architecture. The work of a quantum microarchitecture using an algorithm for optimizing a quantum computational process has been developed and modeled. A universal methodology for modeling algorithms of a quantum nature using the hardware core and requirements for the mutual operation of software and hardware components for the efficient operation of a quantum system is derived.
As quantum computers of non-trivial size become available in the near future, it is imperative to develop tools to emulate small quantum computers. This allows for validation and debugging of algorithms as well as exploring hardware-software co-design to guide the development of quantum hardware and architectures. The simulation of quantum computers entails multiplications of sparse matrices with very large dense vectors of dimension 2n, where n denotes the number of qubits, making this a memory-bound and network bandwidth-limited application. We introduce the concept of a quantum computer emulator as a component of a software framework for quantum computing, enabling a significant performance advantage over simulators by emulating quantum algorithms at a high level rather than simulating individual gate operations. We describe various optimization approaches and present benchmarking results, establishing the superiority of quantum computer emulators in terms of performance.
A quantum processor, like any computing device, requires the development of both hardware and the necessary set of software solutions, starting with quantum algorithms and ending with means of accessing quantum devices. As part of the roadmap for the development of the high-tech field of quantum computing in the period from 2020 to 2024, a set of software solutions for quantum computing devices was developed. This software package includes a set of quantum algorithms for solving prototypes of applied tasks, monitoring and benchmarking tools for quantum processors, error suppression and correction methods, tools for compiling and optimizing quantum circuits, as well as interfaces for remote cloud access. This review presents the key results achieved, among which it is necessary to mention the execution of quantum algorithms using a cloud-based quantum computing platform.
In this paper the authors propose their own QSimulator quantum programming system, which is a software tool for deve­loping and debugging quantum algorithms in a high-level C++ language. The basic structure of the presented system is de­scribed, including quantum algorithms and quantum operations, available to the programmer. The components of the system and their fundamental basis are briefly outlined. This system emulates the behaviour of a quantum coprocessor in a standard computational basis and thus can be used for debugging and programming quantum algorithms in the language of quantum circuits. The system proposed by the authors also implements the Grover search algorithm and the Durr-Hoyer minimization algorithm based on it. Many tasks can be formulated in terms of the search task. In particular, the SAT problem. In this article, we also propose a variant of constructing an oracle in the form of a quantum circuit for the SAT problem, which can be integrated into the Grover algorithm implemented in the presented system. Automatic oracle generation for the SAT task will help save time in developing quantum algorithms related to this task when working with our system.