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Известия высших учебных заведений. Поволжский регион. Технические науки

Software model of a computer with a quantum coprocessor

Mikhail Kirilyuk, Nikolay Paramonov, Konstantin Suminov

Published Jan 1, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Background. The object of the study is specialized computing systems containing a quantum coprocessor. The subject of the study is the process of organizing calculations in specialized computing systems, taking into account the interaction of quantum and classical computers. The purpose of the work is to evaluate the effectiveness of solving computationally complex problems using specialized computing systems with a quantum coprocessor by developing a software model of a computing complex that includes a quantum coprocessor. Materials and methods. Studies of the process of organizing calculations in specialized computing systems, taking into account the interaction of quantum and classical computers, were carried out using simulation and experimental methods. Results. A software model has been developed. The software model of the computing complex, which includes a quantum coprocessor, is made in the form of a set of experimental programs and placed on a modeling stand based on the Russian hardware and software platform “Elbrus”. The developed software package consists of three parts: interface, computing and web applications. Conclusions. Using the developed software model placed on the simulation stand, estimates of the efficiency of solving a number of problems using a quantum coprocessor were obtained. It is shown that for some tasks the acceleration obtained using a quantum coprocessor can reach exponential levels.

DOI
10.21685/2072-3059-2023-4-7

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Background. The object of the study is specialized computing systems containing a quantum coprocessor. The subject of the study is the process of organizing calculations in specialized computing systems, taking into account the interaction of quantum and classical computers. The purpose of the work is to evaluate the effectiveness of solving computationally complex problems using specialized computing systems with a quantum coprocessor by developing a software model of a computing complex that includes a quantum coprocessor. Materials and methods. Studies of the process of organizing calculations in specialized computing systems, taking into account the interaction of quantum and classical computers, were carried out using simulation and experimental methods. Results. A software model has been developed. The software model of the computing complex, which includes a quantum coprocessor, is made in the form of a set of experimental programs and placed on a modeling stand based on the Russian hardware and software platform “Elbrus”. The developed software package consists of three parts: interface, computing and web applications. Conclusions. Using the developed software model placed on the simulation stand, estimates of the efficiency of solving a number of problems using a quantum coprocessor were obtained. It is shown that for some tasks the acceleration obtained using a quantum coprocessor can reach exponential levels.
The theory of quantum computing is being actively developed. Despite the fact that quantum computing device has some peculiarities, any task designed for a classical computer can be reproduced on a quantum system. The aim of the research is to develop a methodology for constructing models of quantum systems simulators using hardware simulators. The subject of this research is methods for constructing quantum computing devices and systems. In the course of the research, the system analysis methods and computer modeling, methods of object-oriented design were used. Modern high-level languages were used to solve the problems of constructing a modular quantum system with an open architecture. The work of a quantum microarchitecture using an algorithm for optimizing a quantum computational process has been developed and modeled. A universal methodology for modeling algorithms of a quantum nature using the hardware core and requirements for the mutual operation of software and hardware components for the efficient operation of a quantum system is derived.
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The article continues research on the creation of digital quantum coprocessors. A quantum computer has a heterogeneous structure. The quantum (probabilistic) part of a quantum computer is considered as a coprocessor in relation to a classical computer (as its accelerator). The digital quantum coprocessor itself has a heterogeneous structure. It consists of a probabilistic part, which implements the actual quantum computations, and a digital part, which performs complex mathematical calculations necessary for the implementation of quantum algorithms. Organization of modular multiplication and exponentiation, which is used in Shor's algorithm, is discussed in this article. It is proposed to perform modular multiplication and exponentiation using well-known logic circuits, namely, sequential multi-bit multipliers. The structure of a serial modular multiplier and its components is considered. The technical characteristics of the components of the modular multiplier are presented. Further work is outlined in the direction of creating a modular multiplier for implementing Shor's algorithm in a digital quantum coprocessor.