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Optical Fiber Communication Conference

Fundamental Noise Limits in Broadband Raman Amplifiers

Christopher R.S. Fludger, V.A. Handerek, R.J. Mears

Published Jan 1, 2001• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We show that broadband discrete Raman amplifiers based on silica-germania will have a noise figure significantly greater than the quantum limit. We also present temperature measurements on a broadband distributed Raman amplifier using asymmetrically-spaced pumps.
DOI
10.1364/ofc.2001.ma5

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We have measured the quantum noise added to a signal by a Raman amplifier. This was done using a modified Mach-Zender interferometer with an amplifier placed in each leg. Quantum noise added by the amplifiers manifests itself by degrading the visibility of the ensemble-average output fringe patterns. The amount of noise added by the amplifiers is deduced from the degradation of the visibility. The experimental results are compared with both ideal, single-mode amplifier theory and Raman theory. We find that the Raman amplifier operates near the quantum limit with only a few input photons per mode required to dominate the noise added by the amplifiers.
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We used a spatially broadband optical parametric amplifier for image amplification. In the phase-sensitive configuration of the amplifier, we observed noiseless amplification of input images. For a gain of $\ensuremath{\simeq}2.5$, we measured noise-figure values of ( $0.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6$) and ( $0.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5$) dB, respectively, for two amplifiers of different lengths. These experimental values agree with theory (for an ideal noiseless amplifier the noise figure is 0 dB) and are almost 2 dB lower than the quantum limit of an ideal phase-insensitive amplifier.
The performance of optical transmissions is intrinsically and ultimately determined by quantum noise. This study theoretically investigates the quantum-noise-limited performance of BPSK transmission using EDFAs, PSAs, or Raman amplifiers as optical repeaters. Amplifier noise, quantum noise in a coherent state, and vacuum noise accompanied with attenuation are considered. Calculations based on the theoretical analysis qualitatively show that bidirectionally pumped Raman amplification systems achieve considerably long transmission distances.