Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR)

Quantum-noise-limited performance of BPSK transmission with EDFAs, PSAs, or Raman amplifiers

Kyo Inoue

Published Jan 1, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The performance of optical transmissions is intrinsically and ultimately determined by quantum noise. This study theoretically investigates the quantum-noise-limited performance of BPSK transmission using EDFAs, PSAs, or Raman amplifiers as optical repeaters. Amplifier noise, quantum noise in a coherent state, and vacuum noise accompanied with attenuation are considered. Calculations based on the theoretical analysis qualitatively show that bidirectionally pumped Raman amplification systems achieve considerably long transmission distances.

DOI
10.1364/cleopr.2022.ctup9f_05

Related papers

Quantum-noise-limited performance of BPSK transmission with EDFAs, PSAs, or Raman amplifiers

Kyo Inoue

The performance of optical transmissions is intrinsically and ultimately determined by quantum noise. This study theoretically investigates the quantum-noise-limited performance of BPSK transmission using EDFAs, PSAs, or Raman amplifiers as optical repeaters. Amplifier noise, quantum noise in a coherent state, and vacuum noise accompanied with attenuation are considered. Calculations based on the theoretical analysis qualitatively show that bidirectionally pumped Raman amplification systems achieve considerably long transmission distances.

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR)•Jul 31, 2022•0 citations

Quantum-Noise-Limited BPSK Transmission Using Gain-Saturated Phase-Sensitive Amplifiers

Kyo Inoue

Quantum noise ultimately restricts the transmission distance in fiber communication systems using optical amplifiers. This paper investigates the quantum-noise-limited performance of optical binary phase-shift keying transmission using gain-saturated phase-sensitive amplifiers (PSAs) as optical repeaters. It is shown that coherent state transmission, where ultimately clean light in the classical sense is transmitted, and endless transmission, where the transmission distance is not restricted, are theoretically achievable under certain system conditions owing to the noise suppression effects of the gain-saturated PSA.

IEICE Transactions on Communications•Apr 13, 2021•5 citations

Quantum-noise-limited distance of coherent transmission using fiber Raman amplifiers

Kyo Inoue

Quantum noise intrinsically restricts the ultimate transmission distance in fiber communication systems that use optical repeating amplifiers. This study theoretically investigates the quantum-noise-limited distance of optical coherent transmission using fiber Raman amplifiers. An analytical formula for the upper bound of the transmission distance is derived based on full quantum mechanics, considering the amplification noise and intrinsic fluctuation of a coherent state (or vacuum noise), and calculations are performed using the derived formula. The results quantitatively indicate that the Raman amplified systems potentially achieve considerably longer transmission distances, more than ten times, than a system with erbium-doped fiber amplifiers under ideal conditions.

Optics Continuum•Apr 20, 2023•1 citation

Quantum-limited transmission distance of optically repeating systems using a hybrid EDFA/Raman-amplifier

Kyo Inoue

The transmission distance of optically repeating systems is ultimately bounded by quantum noises arising from attenuation and amplification. It is known that fiber Raman amplifiers (FRAs) can achieve longer quantum-limited distances than other amplification schemes owing to their distributed amplification characteristics. However, all-FRA systems are difficult to implement in practice. Therefore, a hybrid erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA)/FRA system may be a reasonable solution for long-haul transmission. In this study, the quantum-limited transmission distance of hybrid EDFA/FRA systems is investigated. A formula for the quantum fluctuation variance during transmission was derived based on quantum mechanical treatment. Calculation results obtained with the derived formula quantitatively indicate that the quantum-limited transmission distance increases as the EDFA/FRA hybrid ratio varies from EDFAs alone to FRAs alone.

Optics Letters•Aug 28, 2024•1 citation

Influence of Raman scattering on quantum noise in dual-pumped phase-sensitive amplification in an optical fiber

Kyo Inoue

Phase-sensitive amplification (PSA) can provide low-noise signal amplification, and a quantum-limited noise figure of 0 dB, that is, additional noise-free amplification, is theoretically achievable. However, in fiber-based single-pumped PSA systems, it has been reported that Raman scattering in the fiber degrades the noise figure from the ideal 0 dB. In the present study, the influence of Raman scattering on quantum noise in dual-pumped degenerate PSA in a fiber is investigated. A quantum mechanical treatment starting from the Heisenberg equation of motion is developed, considering the parametric interaction and Raman interaction simultaneously, and an analytical expression for the noise figure is derived. An example of calculation is also presented, which quantitatively indicates the degradation in the noise figure due to Raman scattering.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Mar 8, 2019•1 citation

Noise in distributed Raman amplification

Philippe B. Gallion, Junhe Zhou, Shifeng Jiang +2 more

Fundamental noise limitations of distributed quantum amplifiers are discussed. For Raman amplifier pumps to signals noise transfer, Rayleigh backscattering and polarization fluctuations of the pump are additional noise sources, which are discussed including their impact on system performances.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Nov 2, 2007•5 citations
The performance of optical transmissions is intrinsically and ultimately determined by quantum noise. This study theoretically investigates the quantum-noise-limited performance of BPSK transmission using EDFAs, PSAs, or Raman amplifiers as optical repeaters. Amplifier noise, quantum noise in a coherent state, and vacuum noise accompanied with attenuation are considered. Calculations based on the theoretical analysis qualitatively show that bidirectionally pumped Raman amplification systems achieve considerably long transmission distances.
The performance of optical transmissions is intrinsically and ultimately determined by quantum noise. This study theoretically investigates the quantum-noise-limited performance of BPSK transmission using EDFAs, PSAs, or Raman amplifiers as optical repeaters. Amplifier noise, quantum noise in a coherent state, and vacuum noise accompanied with attenuation are considered. Calculations based on the theoretical analysis qualitatively show that bidirectionally pumped Raman amplification systems achieve considerably long transmission distances.
Quantum noise ultimately restricts the transmission distance in fiber communication systems using optical amplifiers. This paper investigates the quantum-noise-limited performance of optical binary phase-shift keying transmission using gain-saturated phase-sensitive amplifiers (PSAs) as optical repeaters. It is shown that coherent state transmission, where ultimately clean light in the classical sense is transmitted, and endless transmission, where the transmission distance is not restricted, are theoretically achievable under certain system conditions owing to the noise suppression effects of the gain-saturated PSA.
Quantum noise intrinsically restricts the ultimate transmission distance in fiber communication systems that use optical repeating amplifiers. This study theoretically investigates the quantum-noise-limited distance of optical coherent transmission using fiber Raman amplifiers. An analytical formula for the upper bound of the transmission distance is derived based on full quantum mechanics, considering the amplification noise and intrinsic fluctuation of a coherent state (or vacuum noise), and calculations are performed using the derived formula. The results quantitatively indicate that the Raman amplified systems potentially achieve considerably longer transmission distances, more than ten times, than a system with erbium-doped fiber amplifiers under ideal conditions.
The transmission distance of optically repeating systems is ultimately bounded by quantum noises arising from attenuation and amplification. It is known that fiber Raman amplifiers (FRAs) can achieve longer quantum-limited distances than other amplification schemes owing to their distributed amplification characteristics. However, all-FRA systems are difficult to implement in practice. Therefore, a hybrid erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA)/FRA system may be a reasonable solution for long-haul transmission. In this study, the quantum-limited transmission distance of hybrid EDFA/FRA systems is investigated. A formula for the quantum fluctuation variance during transmission was derived based on quantum mechanical treatment. Calculation results obtained with the derived formula quantitatively indicate that the quantum-limited transmission distance increases as the EDFA/FRA hybrid ratio varies from EDFAs alone to FRAs alone.
Phase-sensitive amplification (PSA) can provide low-noise signal amplification, and a quantum-limited noise figure of 0 dB, that is, additional noise-free amplification, is theoretically achievable. However, in fiber-based single-pumped PSA systems, it has been reported that Raman scattering in the fiber degrades the noise figure from the ideal 0 dB. In the present study, the influence of Raman scattering on quantum noise in dual-pumped degenerate PSA in a fiber is investigated. A quantum mechanical treatment starting from the Heisenberg equation of motion is developed, considering the parametric interaction and Raman interaction simultaneously, and an analytical expression for the noise figure is derived. An example of calculation is also presented, which quantitatively indicates the degradation in the noise figure due to Raman scattering.