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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Noise in distributed Raman amplification

Philippe B. Gallion, Junhe Zhou, Shifeng Jiang, Jianping Chen, Yves Jaouën

Published Nov 2, 2007• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Fundamental noise limitations of distributed quantum amplifiers are discussed. For Raman amplifier pumps to signals noise transfer, Rayleigh backscattering and polarization fluctuations of the pump are additional noise sources, which are discussed including their impact on system performances.
DOI
10.1117/12.741561

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The concept of noise figure F and noise measure M applicable to radio frequency and microwave amplifiers is reviewed and extended to cover optical amplifiers. Two noise figures are defined in the optical regime: one gives the ASE output, while the other gives the ratio of signal-to-noise ratios at the input and output. In the quantum regime, the lower limit on these optimum values is set by a generalization of Heisenberg's uncertainty relation. A Raman back-pumped fiber link with post-amplification with an erbium-doped fiber amplifier is used to illustrate the use of noise measure.