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Quantum Electronics

Homogeneous broadening in the spectrum of a broadband erbium-doped fibre light source

S. K. Morshnev, Nikolay I. Starostin, Ya V Przhiyalkovsky, Aleksandr I. Sazonov

Published Sep 28, 2020• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Interference of wave trains separated out in an inhomogeneous emission spectrum of a superluminescent erbium-doped fibre source has been studied by scanning the wavelength of a spectrum analyser. The results demonstrate that, as the spectral resolution of the spectrum analyser decreases to a level corresponding to a sharp drop in interference fringe visibility relative to its original level, near 100 %, fringe visibility becomes dependent on the wavelength in the inhomogeneous spectrum of the source. The reason for this is that, at some characteristic resolution δλ (δλ > 0.5 nm in our case), the coherence time of wave trains is not limited by the spectral resolution of the spectrum analyser and is related to the inhomogeneous spectrum of the source, whose limiting width can be thought of as the homogeneous linewidth in the spectrum of the source. This feature can be used for evaluating homogeneous line broadening.

DOI
10.1070/qel17347

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Abstract Interference of wave trains separated out in an inhomogeneous emission spectrum of a superluminescent erbium-doped fibre source has been studied by scanning the wavelength of a spectrum analyser. The results demonstrate that, as the spectral resolution of the spectrum analyser decreases to a level corresponding to a sharp drop in interference fringe visibility relative to its original level, near 100 %, fringe visibility becomes dependent on the wavelength in the inhomogeneous spectrum of the source. The reason for this is that, at some characteristic resolution δλ (δλ > 0.5 nm in our case), the coherence time of wave trains is not limited by the spectral resolution of the spectrum analyser and is related to the inhomogeneous spectrum of the source, whose limiting width can be thought of as the homogeneous linewidth in the spectrum of the source. This feature can be used for evaluating homogeneous line broadening.
Abstract Characterization of coherence for superfluorescent light emitted from a diode-pumped Yb-doped fiber source is reported. We have constructed a superfluorescent light source with an adjustable linewidth employing a Yb-doped fiber master oscillator and two power-amplifier stages and measured its coherence length as a function of a linewidth in a Michelson interferometer. The experimental values are in good agreement with the numerically calculated values using the given spectral intensity distribution. The results indicate that the mechanism for linewidth broadening of the fiber superfluorescent output can be attributed to inhomogeneous line broadening of an atomic transition. The prospect of the fiber superfluorescent source with a tailored coherence length will be discussed.
Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers can present holes in spectral gain in Wavelength Division Multiplexing operation. The origin of this inhomogeneous saturation behavior is still a subject of controversy. In this paper we present both an experimental methods and a gain's model. Our experimental method allow us to measure the first homogeneous linewidth of the 1.5μ\muμm erbium emission with gain spectral hole burning consistently with the other measurement in the literature and the model explains the differences observed in literature between GSHB and other measurement methods.
Rapid development of optical fiber amplifiers, and more especially of the erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) during the last decade, has benefited from extensive work on the configuration of the system itself: determination of pump wavelength, pumping configuration, improvement of noise performance, etc. However, less effort have been dedicated to study the interaction that influences the spectral profile of the gain bandwidth and particularly the relation between the glass composition and the spectroscopy of erbium. Here, we report a systematic determination of key parameters responsible for the global profile of the gain bandwidth: stark splitting, homogeneous broadening, and inhomogeneous broadening. The correlation between these parameters and the glass structure from one part and the behavior of the EDFA in amplification regime from another part is discussed. The quasiregular crystal-field splitting of tellurite and fluoride glasses is found to correlate well with the flatness of the gain profile. Moreover, the low-temperature homogeneous bandwidths extrapolated to room temperature can be correlated to the saturation spectral hole widths measured in the amplification regime.
Homogeneous and inhomogeneous spectral linewidths of the ${(}^{2}{F}_{5/2}{)}_{1}\ensuremath{-}{(}^{2}{F}_{7/2}{)}_{1}$ transition in Yb3+{\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+}Yb3+-doped fluorozirconate glasses are determined by fitting Voigt profiles to the inhomogeneously broadened emission and absorption spectra between 10 and 300 K. The homogeneous linewidth varied as $(12\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{T}^{(1.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1)}\mathrm{MHz}$ for emission and $(10\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{T}^{1.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1}$ for absorption over the entire temperature range, similar to that of other rare-earth-doped systems previously studied by fluorescence line narrowing and photon echoes. The inhomogeneous linewidths were nearly independent of temperature, but different by $\ensuremath{\sim}30%$ between emission and absorption. The structural and dynamic properties in this disordered system are discussed.
The homogeneous linewidth of the transition I15/24−I13/24 in highly doped erbium fibers and its dependence with temperature in the range from 10 to 50 K are experimentally characterized using spectral hole burning. The homogeneous linewidth dependence with temperature is quadratic above 20 K where homogeneous broadening is dominated by two-phonon Raman processes, and linear at lower temperatures where direct phonon processes occur. This characteristic power-law dependence was also derived from transmittance measurements. The solution of nonlinear field equations using the results obtained from our experiments predicts that Gaussian probe pulses propagate at subluminal speed through the narrow spectral holes burned in erbium-doped fibers. For gigahertz pulses in the telecommunication window, a fractional delay as high as 0.6 is predicted.