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Optical Fiber Communication Conference

Fluorescence line narrowing in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers

S.C. Guy, Robert A. Minasian, Simon B. Poole, Mark G. Sceats

Published Jan 1, 1991• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Germanosilicate glass shows inhomogeneous saturation behavior,1 whereas aluminogermanosilicate glass shows homogeneous behavior.2 Zemon et al.3 have published a study of nonresonant fluorescence line narrowing (FLN), but their spectra show little evidence of significant spectral narrowing by site selection. Spectral hole-burning spectroscopy has been applied by Desurvire et al.4 on Er3+ in aluminosilicate fiber. They extracted an inhomogeneous linewidth Γin of 12.5 nm and a homogeneous linewidth Γh of 115 nm.

DOI
10.1364/ofc.1991.fa2

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Germanosilicate glass shows inhomogeneous saturation behavior,1 whereas aluminogermanosilicate glass shows homogeneous behavior.2 Zemon et al.3 have published a study of nonresonant fluorescence line narrowing (FLN), but their spectra show little evidence of significant spectral narrowing by site selection. Spectral hole-burning spectroscopy has been applied by Desurvire et al.4 on Er3+ in aluminosilicate fiber. They extracted an inhomogeneous linewidth Γin of 12.5 nm and a homogeneous linewidth Γh of 115 nm.
The gain saturation characteristics of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers, which are of importance for applications in optical fiber communications, will depend strongly on the relative importance of homogeneous and inhomogeneous saturation. We have recently reported low temperature spectral hole burning measurements in an erbium-doped fiber with an alumino-silicate core1. From these measurements the homogeneous linewidth was determined to be 11.5 nm. This is consistent with the homogeneous gain saturation observed for alumino-silicate fibers.2 For erbium-doped fibers with GeO2:SiO2 cores, on the other hand, inhomogeneous saturation effects have been reported.3
Resonance-fluorescence-line-narrowing studies have been performed on a representative group of Er3+ -doped glasses for excitation in both the 1530 and 980-nm bands at 4.2, 77, 200, and 300 K. Fluorozirconate, fluorophosphate, phosphate, silicate, Ge/P-doped and A1/P-doped silica preforms, and Al/P-doped and Ge-doped fibers were examined. At 77 K the homogeneous linewidths were found to be relatively insensitive to composition. In particular, they vary from 1.4 to 1.8 cm-1 for the different hosts using excitation at 1531 nm. At 300 K weak resonant features were observed in most samples, consistent with a small inhomogeneous contribution to a predominantly homogeneous fluorescence emission.
Rapid development of optical fiber amplifiers, and more especially of the erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) during the last decade, has benefited from extensive work on the configuration of the system itself: determination of pump wavelength, pumping configuration, improvement of noise performance, etc. However, less effort have been dedicated to study the interaction that influences the spectral profile of the gain bandwidth and particularly the relation between the glass composition and the spectroscopy of erbium. Here, we report a systematic determination of key parameters responsible for the global profile of the gain bandwidth: stark splitting, homogeneous broadening, and inhomogeneous broadening. The correlation between these parameters and the glass structure from one part and the behavior of the EDFA in amplification regime from another part is discussed. The quasiregular crystal-field splitting of tellurite and fluoride glasses is found to correlate well with the flatness of the gain profile. Moreover, the low-temperature homogeneous bandwidths extrapolated to room temperature can be correlated to the saturation spectral hole widths measured in the amplification regime.
Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers can present holes in spectral gain in Wavelength Division Multiplexing operation. The origin of this inhomogeneous saturation behavior is still a subject of controversy. In this paper we present both an experimental methods and a gain's model. Our experimental method allow us to measure the first homogeneous linewidth of the 1.5μ\muμm erbium emission with gain spectral hole burning consistently with the other measurement in the literature and the model explains the differences observed in literature between GSHB and other measurement methods.