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Modern Physics Letters A

Quantum wireless network communication based on cluster states

Yu‐Guang Yang, Shengnan Cao, Yi‐Hua Zhou, Wei‐Min Shi

Published Jun 16, 2020• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Due to the high security of quantum transmission and the more flexible and economical implementation of wireless communication, quantum wireless network communication attracts lots of attention. Because of the high entanglement persistence and robustness of cluster states against decoherence and loss, we investigate the application of cluster states in quantum wireless network communication (QWNC) and propose several kinds of QWNC schemes based on 1D, 2D and 3D cluster states, respectively. Finally we propose a QWNC scheme under the bilayer quantum network architecture. Comparing with other multi-hop teleportation schemes, it is unnecessary for the intermediate nodes to perform entanglement swapping to establish the required entanglement. The computational complexity is independent of the number of intermediate nodes and cluster states are allocated on demand, thus reducing the computational complexity and resource consumption largely.

DOI
10.1142/s0217732320501783

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Due to the high security of quantum transmission and the more flexible and economical implementation of wireless communication, quantum wireless network communication attracts lots of attention. Because of the high entanglement persistence and robustness of cluster states against decoherence and loss, we investigate the application of cluster states in quantum wireless network communication (QWNC) and propose several kinds of QWNC schemes based on 1D, 2D and 3D cluster states, respectively. Finally we propose a QWNC scheme under the bilayer quantum network architecture. Comparing with other multi-hop teleportation schemes, it is unnecessary for the intermediate nodes to perform entanglement swapping to establish the required entanglement. The computational complexity is independent of the number of intermediate nodes and cluster states are allocated on demand, thus reducing the computational complexity and resource consumption largely.
In this letter, a novel quantum wireless network communication (QWNC) scheme based on multi-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state is proposed. First, we deduce a general formula for the multi-user QWNC, which can greatly reduce the computational complexity and resource consumption. Second, a self-organized bilayer network architecture, as well as the corresponding communication protocol, are presented to ensure the rapid and steady transmission of quantum information. Finally, the advantages of our scheme are described based on the analysis of communication efficiency and security.
The distributed wireless quantum communication network (DWQCN) has a distributed network topology and transmits information by quantum states. In this paper, we present the concept of the DWQCN and propose a system scheme to transfer quantum states in the DWQCN. The system scheme for transmitting information between any two nodes in the DWQCN includes a routing protocol and a scheme for transferring quantum states. The routing protocol is on-demand and the routing metric is selected based on the number of entangled particle pairs. After setting up a route, quantum teleportation and entanglement swapping are used for transferring quantum states. Entanglement swapping is achieved along with the process of routing set up and the acknowledgment packet transmission. The measurement results of each entanglement swapping are piggybacked with route reply packets or acknowledgment packets. After entanglement swapping, a direct quantum link between source and destination is set up and quantum states are transferred by quantum teleportation. Adopting this scheme, the measurement results of entanglement swapping do not need to be transmitted specially, which decreases the wireless transmission cost and transmission delay.
Communication in quantum wireless multihop networks is useful in global quantum networks. We propose a scheme for faithful quantum communication in quantum wireless multihop networks, by performing quantum teleportation between two distant nodes which do not initially share entanglement with each other. The required entanglement among intermediate nodes is established through entanglement swapping based on arbitrary types of Bell pairs. All the measurement outcomes and the types of Bell pairs are sent to the destination node independently. The initial quantum state can be finally recovered by corresponding local operations. Our scheme can reduce end-to-end communication delay by using simultaneous measurements in contrast to the scheme based on sequential entanglement swapping.
Due to the unconditional security of quantum communication and flexible and economical implementation of wireless communication, quantum wireless networks (QWNs) have attracted wide attention. Different from fiber-based or satellite-based quantum communication, quantum wireless networks have the characteristics of high dynamics, limited node energy, and quantum resource competition. We have found that the existing quantum wireless network routing protocols suffer from path collision, high energy consumption, and low utilization of quantum resources. In this paper, a more practical and efficient entanglement routing protocol, which can find contention-free paths for concurrent source destination pairs, is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol can not only greatly improve the throughput and success rate of the network, but also significantly prolong the network lifetime. The research developed by this work may stimulate more investigations of entanglement routing problems in QWNs.
Motivated by multi-step quantum teleportation of single-qubit states and two-qubit states with entanglement swapping, we present a small scale quantum network communication scheme based on entanglement of Bell states. In this scheme, it contains certain number of single-qubit quantum source nodes that teleport unknown quantum states to other nodes in the network in the multi-teleport fashion where every intermediate node can pass on any of its received quantum information to others via multi-step quantum teleportation. It makes legal nodes more convenient than any other previous schemes to transmit unknown quantum states to unknown participants in practical applications. The security of this scheme is based on the securely-shared quantum channels between all nodes.
A quantum routing scheme is proposed to teleport a quantum state from one quantum device to another wirelessly,even though the two devices do not share EPR pairs mutually.The scheme is based on entanglement swapping and quantum teleportation.The model of quantum wireless communication network and correlative communication protocol is presented.In order to be compatible with the conventional wireless communication network,the network architecture of a twotier database structure is proposed.In terms of qubit transmission time and security,performance analysis results show that the proposed scheme is superior to quantum relay routing scheme.The proposed scheme has high scalability and practicability.