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Physical Review A

Quantum wireless multihop communication based on arbitrary Bell pairs and teleportation

Kan Wang, Xutao Yu, Shengli Lu, Yan-Xiao Gong

Published Feb 19, 2014• 104 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Communication in quantum wireless multihop networks is useful in global quantum networks. We propose a scheme for faithful quantum communication in quantum wireless multihop networks, by performing quantum teleportation between two distant nodes which do not initially share entanglement with each other. The required entanglement among intermediate nodes is established through entanglement swapping based on arbitrary types of Bell pairs. All the measurement outcomes and the types of Bell pairs are sent to the destination node independently. The initial quantum state can be finally recovered by corresponding local operations. Our scheme can reduce end-to-end communication delay by using simultaneous measurements in contrast to the scheme based on sequential entanglement swapping.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.89.022329

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Communication in quantum wireless multihop networks is useful in global quantum networks. We propose a scheme for faithful quantum communication in quantum wireless multihop networks, by performing quantum teleportation between two distant nodes which do not initially share entanglement with each other. The required entanglement among intermediate nodes is established through entanglement swapping based on arbitrary types of Bell pairs. All the measurement outcomes and the types of Bell pairs are sent to the destination node independently. The initial quantum state can be finally recovered by corresponding local operations. Our scheme can reduce end-to-end communication delay by using simultaneous measurements in contrast to the scheme based on sequential entanglement swapping.
Combining the method of the multihop and the idea of the remote implementation of quantum operations, the multihop quantum operation teleportation is proposed in this paper, that is, the remote implementation of quantum operations in quantum multihop networks. Here the source and destination node do not directly share entangled states at first, which can be established through the entanglement swapping of the intermediate nodes. In addition, taking the phase-damping and the bit-flipping noise as typical noisy channels, we use the fidelity to quantify the effect of our protocol in these two types of noise environments. Furthermore, compared with the protocol employing classical sequential entanglement swapping, our protocol can reduce the communication delay using simultaneous measurements.
In our previous work [Phys. Rev. A 89, 022329 (2014)], we proposed a teleportation-based quantum communication scheme in a quantum wireless multihop network with arbitrary types of Bell pairs shared between adjacent nodes. Here we revised the scheme by introducing a result-mapping method for halving the classical communication cost, with which the source and intermediate nodes map the measurement outcomes to those corresponding to the target Bell pair type assigned by the destination node. A routing protocol is utilized to piggyback the target Bell pair type notification information which introduces no extra communication cost.
In this paper, we propose a mesh-topology-based multi-hop teleportation scheme for a quantum network. By using the proposed scheme, quantum communication can be realized between two arbitrary nodes, even when they do not share a direct quantum channel. Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen pairs are used as quantum channels. The source node (initial sender) and all intermediate nodes make Bell measurements independently. They send the results to the destination node (final receiver) by classical channels. The quantum state can be determined from the Bell measurement result, and only the destination node is required for simple unitary transformation. This method of simultaneous measurement contributes significantly to quantum network by reducing the hop-by-hop transmission delay.
Motivated by multi-particle entanglement, we propose a multi-party quantum parallel teleportation scheme in quantum wireless multi-hop networks (QWMNs) investigated with four-vertex graph-based entanglement. We show an ar- bitrary single-qubit quantum teleportation with graph state between directly connected two-party and an arbitrary two- qubit quantum teleportation based on four-vertex graph state followed by the multi-parity quantum teleportation based on four-vertex graph state where source node do not need share any entangled pairs with destination node but via intermediate nodes’ quantum swapping to finish the teleportation. Source node and intermediate nodes conduct von Neumann measurement and transmit their classical outcomes to the destination node independently in a parallel manner. Then destination node applies appropriate unitary operation to recover the source quantum state according to the received outcomes. This graph- based scheme extends the entanglement pattern in quantum teleportation, provides a perfect multi-party teleportation model. The proposed scheme improves the constructing flexibility of the network and reduces the communication delay, which has a wide application in quantum route selection.
We propose a teleportation scheme for nondestructively transmitting an unknown qudit state between two remote communication parties that are linked by sequential Bell pairs. With independent and simultaneous entanglement swapping among the intermediate nodes, a direct entangled channel between the source node and the destination node is established. Our scheme preserves the initial unknown state even if the teleportation fails. Different nonmaximally entangled channels are distributed among the participants so that the quantum channel requirement is reduced. In addition, the communication delay is reduced significantly since the measuring and the transmitting are conducted simultaneously by the intermediate nodes.
Quantum teleportation faithfully transfers the quantum state of a physical system, instead of the system itself, which underlies the proposal of global quantum communication network. In this paper, we propose a faithful multi-hop quantum communication scheme. In a quantum network, different types of Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states are previously shared on quantum links. To implement qubits transmission, the sender and intermediate nodes perform quantum measurements in parallel, and then send their measurement results and the types of previously shared GHZ states to the receiver independently. A general formula is deduced for the receiver, who chooses an appropriate unitary operation to perform on the local particle, the original qubit can be retrieved. Our scheme shows advantages in quantum communication delay.