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Physical Review A

Addendum to “Quantum wireless multihop communication based on arbitrary Bell pairs and teleportation”

Kan Wang, Yan-Xiao Gong, Xutao Yu, Shengli Lu

Published Oct 29, 2014• 19 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In our previous work [Phys. Rev. A 89, 022329 (2014)], we proposed a teleportation-based quantum communication scheme in a quantum wireless multihop network with arbitrary types of Bell pairs shared between adjacent nodes. Here we revised the scheme by introducing a result-mapping method for halving the classical communication cost, with which the source and intermediate nodes map the measurement outcomes to those corresponding to the target Bell pair type assigned by the destination node. A routing protocol is utilized to piggyback the target Bell pair type notification information which introduces no extra communication cost.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.90.044302

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In our previous work [Phys. Rev. A 89, 022329 (2014)], we proposed a teleportation-based quantum communication scheme in a quantum wireless multihop network with arbitrary types of Bell pairs shared between adjacent nodes. Here we revised the scheme by introducing a result-mapping method for halving the classical communication cost, with which the source and intermediate nodes map the measurement outcomes to those corresponding to the target Bell pair type assigned by the destination node. A routing protocol is utilized to piggyback the target Bell pair type notification information which introduces no extra communication cost.
Communication in quantum wireless multihop networks is useful in global quantum networks. We propose a scheme for faithful quantum communication in quantum wireless multihop networks, by performing quantum teleportation between two distant nodes which do not initially share entanglement with each other. The required entanglement among intermediate nodes is established through entanglement swapping based on arbitrary types of Bell pairs. All the measurement outcomes and the types of Bell pairs are sent to the destination node independently. The initial quantum state can be finally recovered by corresponding local operations. Our scheme can reduce end-to-end communication delay by using simultaneous measurements in contrast to the scheme based on sequential entanglement swapping.
摘要 提出了一种基于多阶量子隐形传态的量子路由方案, 在量子移动终端之间没有共享纠缠对的情况下, 仍然可以完成量子态的无线传输. 该量子路由方案可以用来构建量子无线广域网, 其传输时延与所经过的链路距离和基站数目无关, 传输一个量子态所需的时间与采用量子隐形传态所需的时间相同. 因此, 从数据传输速率的观点来看, 该方案优于基于纠缠交换的量子路由方案. 关键词: 量子通信 / 多阶量子隐形传态 / 量子路由 / 量子无线广域网 Abstract According to multistage quantum teleportation, we here propose a quantum routing scheme which teleports a quantum state from one quantum device to another wirelessly even though the two devices which do not share entangled photon pairs mutually. By the quantum routing scheme, the model of quantum wireless wide-area networks is presented. In terms of time complexity, the proposed scheme transports a quantum bit in the time almost the same as the quantum teleportation regardless of the number of hops between the source and destination node. From this point of view, the quantum routing scheme is close to optimal scheme in data transmission time. The correlative routing process is proposed under different conditions. The quantum state is transferred by multistage quantum teleportation, therefore, the information transfer between any two nodes in quantum wireless wide-area networks is realized. Keywords: quantum communication / multistage quantum teleportation / quantum routing / quantum wireless wide-area networks 作者及机构信息 刘晓慧1 2, 聂敏1, 裴昌幸2 1. 西安邮电大学通信与信息工程学院, 西安 710061; 2. 西安电子科技大学, 综合业务网理论及关键技术国家重点实验室, 西安 710071 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 61072067, 61172071)、国家重点实验室专项基金(批准号: ISN1001004) 和陕西省教育厅专项科研计划(批准号: 2011JK1017)资助的课题. Authors and contacts Liu Xiao-Hui1 2, Nie Min1, Pei Chang-Xing2 1. School of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Post and Telecommunication, Xi’an 710061, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61072067, 61172071), the State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, China (Grant No. ISN1001004), and the Scientific Research Project of the Education Department of Shaanxi Province, China (Grant No. 2011JK1017). 参考文献 [1] Li S, Ma H Q, Wu L A, Zhai G J 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 084214 (in Chinese) [李申, 马海强, 吴令安, 翟光杰 2013 物理学报 62 084214] [2] Guo B H, Yang L, Xiang C, Guan C, Wu L A, Liu S H 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 130303 (in Chinese) [郭邦红, 杨理, 向憧, 关翀, 吴令安, 刘颂豪 2013 物理学报 62 130303] [3] Bouwmeester D, Pan J W, Mattle K, Manfred E, Weinfurter H, Zeilinger A 1997 Nature 390 575 [4] Chen P, Deng F G, Long G L 2006 Chin. Phys. 15 2228 [5] Pan J W, Simon C, Brukner C, Zellinger A 2001 Nature 410 1067 [6] Jin X M, Ren J G, Yang B, Yi Z H, Zhou F, Xu X F, Wang S K, Yang D, Hu Y F, Jiang S, Yang T, Yin H, Chen K, Peng C Z, Pan J W 2010 Nature Photon. 4 376 [7] Yin J, Ren J G, Lu H, Cao Y, Yong H L, Wu Y P, Liu C, Liao S K, Zhou F, Jiang Y, Cai X D, Xu P, Pan G S, Jia J J, Huang Y M, Yin H, Wang J Y, Chen Y A, Peng C Z, Pan J W 2012 Nature 488 185 [8] Kwait P G, Waks E, White A G, Appelbaum I, Eberhard P H 1999 Phys. Rev. A 60 R773 [9] Raimond J M, Brune M, Haroche S 2001 Rev. Mod. Phys. 73 565 [10] Sun B, Chapman M S, You L 2004 Phys. Rev. A 69 042316 [11] Artur S, Regina B H, Barry C S, Wolfgang T 2009 Phys. Rev. A 80 062310 [12] Dousse A, Suffczyński J, Beveratos A, Krebs O, Lemaître A, Sagnes I, Bloch J, Voisin P, Senellart P 2010 Nature 466 217 [13] Guo Z, Yan L S, Pan W, Luo B, Xu M F 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 060301 (in Chinese) [郭振, 闫连山, 潘炜, 罗斌, 徐明峰 2011 物理学报 60 060301] [14] Song K H, Zhang W J, Guo G C 2002 Chin. Phys. 11 218 [15] Peng C Z, Yang T, Bao X H, Zhang J, Jin X M, Feng F Y, Yang B, Yang J, Yin J, Zhang Q, Li N, Tian B L, Pan J W 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 150501 [16] Bourgoin J P, Meyer-Scott E, Higgins B L, Helou B, Erven C, Hbel H, Kumar B, Hudson D, D’Souza I, Girard R, Laflamme R, Jennewein T 2013 New J. Phys. 15 023006 [17] Liu X H, Pei C X, Nie M 2010 Chin. Phys. Lett. 27 120303 [18] Zhu C H, Pei C X, Ma H X, Yu X F 2006 J. Xidian Univ. 33 839 (in Chinese) [朱畅华, 裴昌幸, 马怀新, 于晓飞 2006 西安电子科技大学学报 33 839] [19] Zhou X Q, Wu Y W, Zhao H 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 040304 (in Chinese) [周小清, 邬云文, 赵晗 2011 物理学报 60 040304] [20] Yu X T, Xu J, Zhang Z C 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 220303 (in Chinese) [余旭涛, 徐进, 张在琛 2012 物理学报 61 220303] 施引文献
Quantum multi-hop teleportation is important in the field of quantum communication. In this paper, we proposed a Multi-hop quantum teleportation scheme of the 6-qubit entangled state. In the proposed scheme, the sender teleports the desired information by transmitting a 6-qubit entangled quantum state to the receiver through the N intermediate nodes between the source node and destination node. Therefore, the sender and receiver are not in direct connection with each other, and the information is teleported in Multi-hop between the N neighbor nodes. Also, in this scheme, the 7-qubit entangled states as quantum channels are shared between neighbor nodes. Always, teleportation processes over long distances are problematic because of the existence of the environmental noise which is almost inescapable and adversely affects the entangled quantum channel. This scheme explains the quantum teleportation between N nodes in N-1 steps and it is suitable for teleportation processes over long distances. Also, we calculate the efficiency of this scheme and indicate the advantages of this protocol.
Quantum multi-hop teleportation is important in the field of quantum communication. In this study, we propose a quantum multi-hop communication model and a quantum routing protocol with multihop teleportation for wireless mesh backbone networks. Based on an analysis of quantum multi-hop protocols, a partially entangled Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state is selected as the quantum channel for the proposed protocol. Both quantum and classical wireless channels exist between two neighboring nodes along the route. With the proposed routing protocol, quantum information can be transmitted hop by hop from the source node to the destination node. Based on multi-hop teleportation based on the partially entangled GHZ state, a quantum route established with the minimum number of hops. The difference between our routing protocol and the classical one is that in the former, the processes used to find a quantum route and establish quantum channel entanglement occur simultaneously. The Bell state measurement results of each hop are piggybacked to quantum route finding information. This method reduces the total number of packets and the magnitude of air interface delay. The deduction of the establishment of a quantum channel between source and destination is also presented here. The final success probability of quantum multi-hop teleportation in wireless mesh backbone networks was simulated and analyzed. Our research shows that quantum multi-hop teleportation in wireless mesh backbone networks through a partially entangled GHZ state is feasible.
The distributed wireless quantum communication network (DWQCN) has a distributed network topology and transmits information by quantum states. In this paper, we present the concept of the DWQCN and propose a system scheme to transfer quantum states in the DWQCN. The system scheme for transmitting information between any two nodes in the DWQCN includes a routing protocol and a scheme for transferring quantum states. The routing protocol is on-demand and the routing metric is selected based on the number of entangled particle pairs. After setting up a route, quantum teleportation and entanglement swapping are used for transferring quantum states. Entanglement swapping is achieved along with the process of routing set up and the acknowledgment packet transmission. The measurement results of each entanglement swapping are piggybacked with route reply packets or acknowledgment packets. After entanglement swapping, a direct quantum link between source and destination is set up and quantum states are transferred by quantum teleportation. Adopting this scheme, the measurement results of entanglement swapping do not need to be transmitted specially, which decreases the wireless transmission cost and transmission delay.