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Journal of Computers

Small Scale Quantum Network Communications via Multi-step Quantum Teleportation

Zhigang Chen, Dazu Huang, Ying Guo

Published Dec 1, 2011• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Motivated by multi-step quantum teleportation of single-qubit states and two-qubit states with entanglement swapping, we present a small scale quantum network communication scheme based on entanglement of Bell states. In this scheme, it contains certain number of single-qubit quantum source nodes that teleport unknown quantum states to other nodes in the network in the multi-teleport fashion where every intermediate node can pass on any of its received quantum information to others via multi-step quantum teleportation. It makes legal nodes more convenient than any other previous schemes to transmit unknown quantum states to unknown participants in practical applications. The security of this scheme is based on the securely-shared quantum channels between all nodes.

DOI
10.4304/jcp.6.12.2596-2602

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Motivated by multi-step quantum teleportation of single-qubit states and two-qubit states with entanglement swapping, we present a small scale quantum network communication scheme based on entanglement of Bell states. In this scheme, it contains certain number of single-qubit quantum source nodes that teleport unknown quantum states to other nodes in the network in the multi-teleport fashion where every intermediate node can pass on any of its received quantum information to others via multi-step quantum teleportation. It makes legal nodes more convenient than any other previous schemes to transmit unknown quantum states to unknown participants in practical applications. The security of this scheme is based on the securely-shared quantum channels between all nodes.
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In this paper, we propose a mesh-topology-based multi-hop teleportation scheme for a quantum network. By using the proposed scheme, quantum communication can be realized between two arbitrary nodes, even when they do not share a direct quantum channel. Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen pairs are used as quantum channels. The source node (initial sender) and all intermediate nodes make Bell measurements independently. They send the results to the destination node (final receiver) by classical channels. The quantum state can be determined from the Bell measurement result, and only the destination node is required for simple unitary transformation. This method of simultaneous measurement contributes significantly to quantum network by reducing the hop-by-hop transmission delay.
Abstract The development of quantum communication technologies has made the efficient transmission and processing of quantum states increasingly important. This paper first introduces a traditional multi-hop quantum teleportation scheme based on simultaneous entanglement swapping(SES). In this scheme, different quantum channels are used for odd-hop and even-hop quantum teleportation, respectively. The specific quantum communication processes of two-hop, three-hop, and four-hop are introduced in turn, and the transmission law of n-hop quantum teleportation is summarized. On this basis, a multi-level hierarchical simultaneous entanglement swapping(MHSES) scheme for multi-hop quantum teleportation is further proposed, which is achieved by dividing the multi-hop quantum network into multiple segments with multiple levels of processing. In each level, the intermediate nodes only need to send the measurement results to the nodes at the end of the segment, thus greatly reducing the forwarding of classical information. IBM Qiskit was used to simulate the operation of these two schemes in ideal and noisy environments. Finally, the proposed scheme is compared with the existing conventional quantum teleportation schemes, and the results show that the proposed scheme achieves better results in terms of reduced classical resource consumption and reduced time delay.
The combination of quantum communication technology and wireless networks brings a flexible and secure communication method, which adapts to a more complex network environment. In this paper, a new multi-hop teleportation scheme is investigated for transferring an unknown qutrit state between distant parties. The intermediate nodes are introduced and linked with each other via partially entangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states as quantum channels. In this multi-hop teleportation protocol, the source node and all the intermediate nodes can perform the entanglement measurement and transmit the measurement results simultaneously. Furthermore, we find the relationship between the measurement results and the receiver’s state, which is given as the matrix form. Compared with previous protocols for multi-hop transmission, our scheme can reduce the transmission delay and save the transmission overhead.
Inspired by the structure of the network coding over the butterfly network, a framework of quantum network coding scheme is investigated, which transmits two unknown quantum states crossly over the butterfly quantum system with the multi-photon non-maximally entangled GHZ states. In this scheme, it contains certain number of entanglement-qubit source nodes that teleport unknown quantum states to other nodes on the small-scale network where each intermediate node can pass on its received quantum states to others via superdense coding. In order to transmit the unknown states in a deterministic way, the controlled quantum teleportation is adopted on the intermediate node. It makes legal nodes more convenient than any other previous teleportation schemes to transmit unknown quantum states to unknown participants in applications. It shows that the intrinsic efficiency of transmissions approaches 100% in principle. This scheme is secure based on the securely-shared quantum channels between all nodes and the quantum mechanical impossibility of local unitary transformations between non-maximally entangled GHZ states. Moreover, the generalized scheme is proposed for transmitting two multipartite entangled states. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i2.2031