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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Monolithic Source of Entangled Photons with Integrated Pump Rejection

Cale M. Gentry, Omar S. Magaña‐Loaiza, Mark T. Wade, Fabio Pavanello, Thomas Gerrits, Sen Lin, Jeffrey M. Shainline, Shellee D. Dyer, Sae Woo Nam, Richard P. Mirin, Miloš A. Popović

Published Jan 1, 2018• 17 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate a photon pair source with pump rejection filter on a single CMOS chip. Cascaded microring-based filters exhibit > 95 dB pump extinction, providing a raw visibility in time-energy entanglement of 81.4% ± 2.3%.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_at.2018.jth4c.3

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Integrated photon-pair sources are fundamental building blocks of any quantum circuit. Spontaneous four-wave mixing in Si micro-resonators has already shown efficient on-chip generation of entangled photon pairs. However, owing to the substantially higher pump intensity, compared to that of the photon-pair signal, suppression of the pump requires rejection levels exceeding 100 dB. Besides strong pump suppression, narrow rejection bandwidth (<; 10 nm) is particularly important to allow short wavelength separation of the paired photons, thereby minimizing dispersion effects in the micro-ring that may reduce the efficiency of the nonlinear process. Implementing such pump-rejection filter on chip remains a challenge. Indeed, the only demonstration of photon-pair generation with on-chip pump rejection required cascading two identical chips, compromising the feasibility of the solution. The main reason for this is the limited rejection achieved by state-of-the-art on-chip Bragg filters. Ultra-high rejection has been demonstrated in actively controlled filters at the expense of increased insertion loss and a high complexity, due to the control of all the filters. Nevertheless, photon-pair generation with effective pump rejection in a single chip has not been demonstrated yet.
Considerable research work is being devoted to the integration of quantum optical components on a silicon chip [1]. Many results have been achieved on the generation of quantum states of light in silicon photonic devices, but all the sources demonstrated so far need off-chip filtering stages to clean the generated photons before detection. This necessity for off-chip components hinders usability in a completely integrated platform. In this work [2] we demonstrate for the first time on-chip generation of photon pairs via a silicon microring resonator fully integrated with spectral filters for the pump on the same chip. The sample, shown in Fig. 1 a, is a reconfigurable silicon photonic integrated circuit based on Bragg reflectors and tunable ring resonators. The combination of these devices results in pump rejection by more than 95 dB in a single chip, reducing the pump intensity to less than the flux of the photon pairs generated by spontaneous four wave mixing (Fig 1 b).
On-chip superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) are gaining traction in integrated quantum photonics due to their exceptional performance and the elimination of fiber coupling loss. However, off-chip high-rejection filters are commonly required to remove the intense pump light employed in quantum states generation, thus remaining the obstacle for embedding SNSPDs into quantum photonic circuits. Here, we explore the integration of SNSPDs with passive pump rejection filters, achieved by cascaded silicon Bragg gratings, on a single substrate. Serving as an entanglement receiver chip, the integrated components show a system detection efficiency of 20.1% and a pump rejection ratio of approximately 56 dB. We successfully verify energy-time entangled photon pairs from a microring resonator with raw visibilities of 92.85%±5.95% and 91.91%±7.34% under two nonorthogonal bases, with use of standard fiber wavelength demultiplexers. Our results pave the way for entanglement resource distribution, offering a promising approach toward the construction of large-scale quantum photonic systems.