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Frontiers in Optics

Tunable Source of Quantum-Correlated Photons with Integrated Pump Rejection in a Silicon CMOS Platform

Josep M. Fargas Cabanillas, Danielius Kramnik, Anirudh Ramesh, Cale M. Gentry, Vladimir Marko Stojanovic, Prem Kumar, Miloš A. Popović

Published Jan 1, 2021• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A wavelength-tunable, silicon photon-pair source based on spontaneous four-wave mixing, integrated with a pump rejection filter in a single, flip-chip packaged CMOS chip, is demonstrated with a coincidence-to-accidentals ratio of 9.1 with no off-chip pump filtering.
DOI
10.1364/fio.2021.ftu2e.1

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Integrated photon-pair sources are fundamental building blocks of any quantum circuit. Spontaneous four-wave mixing in Si micro-resonators has already shown efficient on-chip generation of entangled photon pairs. However, owing to the substantially higher pump intensity, compared to that of the photon-pair signal, suppression of the pump requires rejection levels exceeding 100 dB. Besides strong pump suppression, narrow rejection bandwidth (<; 10 nm) is particularly important to allow short wavelength separation of the paired photons, thereby minimizing dispersion effects in the micro-ring that may reduce the efficiency of the nonlinear process. Implementing such pump-rejection filter on chip remains a challenge. Indeed, the only demonstration of photon-pair generation with on-chip pump rejection required cascading two identical chips, compromising the feasibility of the solution. The main reason for this is the limited rejection achieved by state-of-the-art on-chip Bragg filters. Ultra-high rejection has been demonstrated in actively controlled filters at the expense of increased insertion loss and a high complexity, due to the control of all the filters. Nevertheless, photon-pair generation with effective pump rejection in a single chip has not been demonstrated yet.
Considerable research work is being devoted to the integration of quantum optical components on a silicon chip [1]. Many results have been achieved on the generation of quantum states of light in silicon photonic devices, but all the sources demonstrated so far need off-chip filtering stages to clean the generated photons before detection. This necessity for off-chip components hinders usability in a completely integrated platform. In this work [2] we demonstrate for the first time on-chip generation of photon pairs via a silicon microring resonator fully integrated with spectral filters for the pump on the same chip. The sample, shown in Fig. 1 a, is a reconfigurable silicon photonic integrated circuit based on Bragg reflectors and tunable ring resonators. The combination of these devices results in pump rejection by more than 95 dB in a single chip, reducing the pump intensity to less than the flux of the photon pairs generated by spontaneous four wave mixing (Fig 1 b).
Integrated quantum photonics relies critically on the purity, scalability, integrability, and flexibility of a photon source to support diverse quantum functionalities on a single chip. Here we report a chip-scale photon-pair source on the silicon-on-insulator platform that utilizes dramatic cavity-enhanced four-wave mixing in a high-Q silicon microdisk resonator. The device is able to produce high-quality photon pairs at different wavelengths with a high spectral brightness of 6.24×10(7) pairs/s/mW(2)/GHz and photon-pair correlation with a coincidence-to-accidental ratio of 1386 ± 278 while pumped with a continuous-wave laser. The superior performance, together with the structural compactness and CMOS compatibility, opens up a great avenue towards quantum silicon photonics with capability of multi-channel parallel information processing for both integrated quantum computing and long-haul quantum communication.