Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

IEEE Electron Devices Technology & Manufacturing Conference (EDTM)

Bistable Photon Pair Generation in Silicon Microring Resonator Integrated with Pump Rejection Filter

Arnab Goswami, Ram Mohan Boyapati, Bijoy Krishna Das

Published Mar 3, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

On-chip photon pair generation is the key to the development of scalable quantum photonic integrated circuits. We report bistable generation of entangled photon pairs via spontaneous four wave mixing in a silicon microring resonator integrated with pump rejection filter (> 45dB). The observed photon generation rate exceeds 20 MHz in one of the bistable states for a launched input power of ~0.75 mW in C band.

DOI
10.1109/edtm58488.2024.10511638

Related papers

On chip source of photon pairs with integrated pump filtering and signal/idler demultiplexing

Nicholas C. Harris, Davide Grassani, Angelica Simbula +7 more

Considerable research work is being devoted to the integration of quantum optical components on a silicon chip [1]. Many results have been achieved on the generation of quantum states of light in silicon photonic devices, but all the sources demonstrated so far need off-chip filtering stages to clean the generated photons before detection. This necessity for off-chip components hinders usability in a completely integrated platform. In this work [2] we demonstrate for the first time on-chip generation of photon pairs via a silicon microring resonator fully integrated with spectral filters for the pump on the same chip. The sample, shown in Fig. 1 a, is a reconfigurable silicon photonic integrated circuit based on Bragg reflectors and tunable ring resonators. The combination of these devices results in pump rejection by more than 95 dB in a single chip, reducing the pump intensity to less than the flux of the photon pairs generated by spontaneous four wave mixing (Fig 1 b).

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics•Jan 1, 2015•0 citations

Development of a High Performance Resonant Photon-Pair Source in Silicon

Jeffrey A. Steidle

One of the key building blocks of quantum photonic systems is a source of indistinguishable photons. Silicon ring resonators can be used as photon pair sources by taking advantage of silicon's large third order nonlinearity with a process known as spontaneous four wave mixing. These sources are capable of producing pairs of indistinguishable photons but typically suffer from an effective 50% loss. By slightly decoupling the input waveguide from the ring, the desired photons generated in the ring can be directed to the drop port. Thus, the ratio between the coincidences from the drop port and the total number of coincidences from all ports (coincidence efficiency) can be significantly increased, with the trade-off being that the pump is less efficiently coupled into the ring. This asymmetric coupling scheme was used to demonstrate a dual-bus microring source with a coincidence efficiency of ~96%. Unfortunately, the penalty to pump power was quite large, with a required ~10x increase in the pump power to maintain the same pair generation rate.\nTo further improve upon this result, a microring source was designed with multipoint evanescent couplers to induce a strong spectral dependence in the coupling coefficients. This coupler design can be used on both sides of the ring resonator so that resonances supported by one of the couplers are suppressed by the other. This is the ideal configuration for a ring-based photon-pair source as it can only support the pump photons at the input side while only allowing the generated photons to leave through the output side. Asymmetric coupling was also used in this configuration but in a different way than in the previous source. In this case, the input side of the ring was configured to be critically coupled for maximal resonance enhancement while the output side was configured to be over coupled to minimize photon-pair loss within the ring. This device design was used to demonstrate a photon-pair source with coincidence efficiencies of 0.9981+-6.425x10^-4 and 0.9979+-1.665x10^-3 for degenerate and non-degenerate pump configuration respectively.\nIn addition to the source development, work was done to move some of the pump rejection filtering onto the photonic chip. While the fabricated device only exhibited an extinction of 50 dB, the root cause of the limited extinction was explored and a new filter design was proposed to overcome these limitations. With the combination of the microring source with its greatly improved efficiency and the movement toward reducing the required off-chip filtering, this work represents a significant advancement in the scalability of integrated quantum photonic systems which can enable high performance quantum computing and communication systems.

•Jan 1, 2019•0 citations

Design and demonstration of an efficient pump rejection filter for silicon photonic applications

Arnab Goswami, Bijoy Krishna Das

Photon pair generation via spontaneous four-wave mixing in silicon waveguides/microring resonators integrated with a high extinction pump rejection filter is very much in demand for futuristic large-scale integrated quantum photonics circuits. Ideally, a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) can be designed to offer desired pump rejection. However, fabricated DBRs suffer degradation in pump extinction due to roughness-induced unwanted scattering waves in the forward direction around the Bragg wavelength. It is therefore inferred that the roughness-induced forward scattering can be reduced significantly by integrating a DBR structure in one of the sidewalls (instead of two sidewalls) of a multimode rib waveguide (instead of a single mode strip waveguide). Therefore, we studied a single-stage DBR filter with this design which exhibits a significantly higher stop band extinction (∼63 dB), in comparison with that of earlier reported results (<50 dB). To validate the pump rejection efficiency of such fabricated devices in quantum photonic applications, we have carried out on-chip stimulated four-wave mixing experiments and shown that the pump laser within the rejection band could be attenuated to the level of idler power.

Optics Letters•Feb 17, 2022•20 citations

On-Chip Photon Pair Source with Pump Rejection Filter

Dorian Oser, Florent Mazeas, Carlos Alonso‐Ramos +5 more

Integrated photon-pair sources are fundamental building blocks of any quantum circuit. Spontaneous four-wave mixing in Si micro-resonators has already shown efficient on-chip generation of entangled photon pairs. However, owing to the substantially higher pump intensity, compared to that of the photon-pair signal, suppression of the pump requires rejection levels exceeding 100 dB. Besides strong pump suppression, narrow rejection bandwidth (<; 10 nm) is particularly important to allow short wavelength separation of the paired photons, thereby minimizing dispersion effects in the micro-ring that may reduce the efficiency of the nonlinear process. Implementing such pump-rejection filter on chip remains a challenge. Indeed, the only demonstration of photon-pair generation with on-chip pump rejection required cascading two identical chips, compromising the feasibility of the solution. The main reason for this is the limited rejection achieved by state-of-the-art on-chip Bragg filters. Ultra-high rejection has been demonstrated in actively controlled filters at the expense of increased insertion loss and a high complexity, due to the control of all the filters. Nevertheless, photon-pair generation with effective pump rejection in a single chip has not been demonstrated yet.

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)•Jun 1, 2019•2 citations

Design and Fabrication of a Photonic Integrated Circuit-based Entangled Photon Pair Source using Microring Resonators

Nienke ten Haaf, D.P. van der Vuurst, David L. Bakker +3 more

Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) based on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates provide a lightweight, compact platform for applications in quantum optics. We show the evaluation and characterization of an SOI-bascd PIC design for an entangled photon pair source, generating photon pairs by means of the nonlinear process of spontaneous four-wave mixing in microring resonators. Experimental results following from the chip fabrication fed back into the simulated parameter tuning effects, culminating in photon pair generation with measured correlations exceeding classically predicted limits.

EPJ Web of Conferences•Jan 1, 2024•0 citations

Highly Correlated Photon-Pair Generation from a Silicon Waveguide Integrated with on-Chip Pump-Rejection Filters

Jong-Moo Lee, Wook‐Jae Lee, Minsu Kim +1 more

Silicon photonics is an attractive technology toward an integrated quantum optical platform including quantum-correlated photon-pair sources and interference circuits [1-3]. Photon pairs can be generated based on spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) with a strong pump field, but the co-propagating pump field should be separated by high-extinction pump-rejection filters (PRFs) [2, 3].

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)•Jun 1, 2019•0 citations
On-chip photon pair generation is the key to the development of scalable quantum photonic integrated circuits. We report bistable generation of entangled photon pairs via spontaneous four wave mixing in a silicon microring resonator integrated with pump rejection filter (> 45dB). The observed photon generation rate exceeds 20 MHz in one of the bistable states for a launched input power of ~0.75 mW in C band.
Considerable research work is being devoted to the integration of quantum optical components on a silicon chip [1]. Many results have been achieved on the generation of quantum states of light in silicon photonic devices, but all the sources demonstrated so far need off-chip filtering stages to clean the generated photons before detection. This necessity for off-chip components hinders usability in a completely integrated platform. In this work [2] we demonstrate for the first time on-chip generation of photon pairs via a silicon microring resonator fully integrated with spectral filters for the pump on the same chip. The sample, shown in Fig. 1 a, is a reconfigurable silicon photonic integrated circuit based on Bragg reflectors and tunable ring resonators. The combination of these devices results in pump rejection by more than 95 dB in a single chip, reducing the pump intensity to less than the flux of the photon pairs generated by spontaneous four wave mixing (Fig 1 b).
One of the key building blocks of quantum photonic systems is a source of indistinguishable photons. Silicon ring resonators can be used as photon pair sources by taking advantage of silicon's large third order nonlinearity with a process known as spontaneous four wave mixing. These sources are capable of producing pairs of indistinguishable photons but typically suffer from an effective 50% loss. By slightly decoupling the input waveguide from the ring, the desired photons generated in the ring can be directed to the drop port. Thus, the ratio between the coincidences from the drop port and the total number of coincidences from all ports (coincidence efficiency) can be significantly increased, with the trade-off being that the pump is less efficiently coupled into the ring. This asymmetric coupling scheme was used to demonstrate a dual-bus microring source with a coincidence efficiency of ~96%. Unfortunately, the penalty to pump power was quite large, with a required ~10x increase in the pump power to maintain the same pair generation rate.\nTo further improve upon this result, a microring source was designed with multipoint evanescent couplers to induce a strong spectral dependence in the coupling coefficients. This coupler design can be used on both sides of the ring resonator so that resonances supported by one of the couplers are suppressed by the other. This is the ideal configuration for a ring-based photon-pair source as it can only support the pump photons at the input side while only allowing the generated photons to leave through the output side. Asymmetric coupling was also used in this configuration but in a different way than in the previous source. In this case, the input side of the ring was configured to be critically coupled for maximal resonance enhancement while the output side was configured to be over coupled to minimize photon-pair loss within the ring. This device design was used to demonstrate a photon-pair source with coincidence efficiencies of 0.9981+-6.425x10^-4 and 0.9979+-1.665x10^-3 for degenerate and non-degenerate pump configuration respectively.\nIn addition to the source development, work was done to move some of the pump rejection filtering onto the photonic chip. While the fabricated device only exhibited an extinction of 50 dB, the root cause of the limited extinction was explored and a new filter design was proposed to overcome these limitations. With the combination of the microring source with its greatly improved efficiency and the movement toward reducing the required off-chip filtering, this work represents a significant advancement in the scalability of integrated quantum photonic systems which can enable high performance quantum computing and communication systems.
Photon pair generation via spontaneous four-wave mixing in silicon waveguides/microring resonators integrated with a high extinction pump rejection filter is very much in demand for futuristic large-scale integrated quantum photonics circuits. Ideally, a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) can be designed to offer desired pump rejection. However, fabricated DBRs suffer degradation in pump extinction due to roughness-induced unwanted scattering waves in the forward direction around the Bragg wavelength. It is therefore inferred that the roughness-induced forward scattering can be reduced significantly by integrating a DBR structure in one of the sidewalls (instead of two sidewalls) of a multimode rib waveguide (instead of a single mode strip waveguide). Therefore, we studied a single-stage DBR filter with this design which exhibits a significantly higher stop band extinction (∼63 dB), in comparison with that of earlier reported results (<50 dB). To validate the pump rejection efficiency of such fabricated devices in quantum photonic applications, we have carried out on-chip stimulated four-wave mixing experiments and shown that the pump laser within the rejection band could be attenuated to the level of idler power.
Integrated photon-pair sources are fundamental building blocks of any quantum circuit. Spontaneous four-wave mixing in Si micro-resonators has already shown efficient on-chip generation of entangled photon pairs. However, owing to the substantially higher pump intensity, compared to that of the photon-pair signal, suppression of the pump requires rejection levels exceeding 100 dB. Besides strong pump suppression, narrow rejection bandwidth (<; 10 nm) is particularly important to allow short wavelength separation of the paired photons, thereby minimizing dispersion effects in the micro-ring that may reduce the efficiency of the nonlinear process. Implementing such pump-rejection filter on chip remains a challenge. Indeed, the only demonstration of photon-pair generation with on-chip pump rejection required cascading two identical chips, compromising the feasibility of the solution. The main reason for this is the limited rejection achieved by state-of-the-art on-chip Bragg filters. Ultra-high rejection has been demonstrated in actively controlled filters at the expense of increased insertion loss and a high complexity, due to the control of all the filters. Nevertheless, photon-pair generation with effective pump rejection in a single chip has not been demonstrated yet.
Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) based on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates provide a lightweight, compact platform for applications in quantum optics. We show the evaluation and characterization of an SOI-bascd PIC design for an entangled photon pair source, generating photon pairs by means of the nonlinear process of spontaneous four-wave mixing in microring resonators. Experimental results following from the chip fabrication fed back into the simulated parameter tuning effects, culminating in photon pair generation with measured correlations exceeding classically predicted limits.