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Journal of Applied Physics

Comparing Q-factor of electromagnetically induced transparency based on different space distribution quasi-dark mode resonator

Haiming Li, Feng Xue

Published Jul 25, 2017• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Comparing the Q-factor of electromagnetically induced transparency based on a symmetric and asymmetric quasi-dark resonator has been numerically and experimentally demonstrated. The results show that the Q-factor of electromagnetically induced transparency based on the symmetric quasi-dark mode resonator is an order of magnitude larger than that based on the asymmetric quasi-dark mode resonator. The reason for the improved Q-factor is ascribed to the low radiative loss of the symmetric quasi-dark mode resonator. Furthermore, the proposed way holds promise to obtain a different Q-factor of electromagnetically induced transparency in the microwave, terahertz, and optical frequency range.

DOI
10.1063/1.4995950

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Comparing the Q-factor of electromagnetically induced transparency based on a symmetric and asymmetric quasi-dark resonator has been numerically and experimentally demonstrated. The results show that the Q-factor of electromagnetically induced transparency based on the symmetric quasi-dark mode resonator is an order of magnitude larger than that based on the asymmetric quasi-dark mode resonator. The reason for the improved Q-factor is ascribed to the low radiative loss of the symmetric quasi-dark mode resonator. Furthermore, the proposed way holds promise to obtain a different Q-factor of electromagnetically induced transparency in the microwave, terahertz, and optical frequency range.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like transmission was demonstrated in terahertz asymmetric parallel plate waveguides with two identical cavities. By shifting the position of the bottom cavity from the symmetric position in the propagation direction, both the phases of the propagating wave at resonances and the coupling strengths between two cavities are changed, resulting in exciting the additional asymmetric resonance and manipulating the detuning of two different resonant frequencies. The transparent peak between two resonances comes from the cancelation of symmetric and asymmetric resonances. We also use the physical picture of excitation of quasi-dark mode to explain this EIT-like transmission, which is similar to the metamaterial systems.
We report on our numerical work concerning a planar metamaterial exhibiting classical electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Using a structure with two asymmetric short strips, we demonstrate that an EIT-like resonance with a high quality factor can be achieved and this high quality factor leads to a large group index of the order of 700. The operation of metamaterial at low temperatures is anticipated to be a promising path towards low-loss metamaterials since nonradiative losses are strongly suppressed. By decreasing temperature from 300 K to 100 K, a controlled behavior with a 26% increase in the quality factor of the resonance and an 85% increase in the group index was observed.
Electromagnetically induced transparency-like (EIT-like) effect is a promising research area for applications of slow light, sensing and metamaterials. The EIT-like effect is generally formed by the destructive interference of bright-dark mode coupling and bright-bright mode coupling. There are seldom reports about EIT-like effect realized by the coupling of two dark modes. In this paper, we numerically and theoretically demonstrated that the EIT-like effect is achieved through dark-dark mode coupling of two waveguide resonances in a compound nanosystem with metal grating and multilayer structure. If we introduce |1⟩, |2⟩ and |3⟩ to represent the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) resonance, waveguide resonance in layer 2, and waveguide resonance in layer 4, the destructive interference occurs between two pathways of |0⟩→|1⟩→|2⟩ and |0⟩→|1⟩→|2⟩→|3⟩→|2⟩, where |0⟩ is the ground state without excitation. Our work will stimulate more studies on EIT-like effect with dark-dark mode coupling in other systems.
We theoretically investigate the classical analog of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) in a planar metamaterial at optical frequency, which originates from destructive and constructive interference between dark and radiative elements.The metamaterial consists of two coupled resonators with different geometries.An EIT-like transparent window with low absorption is observed and found to be strongly affected by resonant states of the resonators.The transition between the EIT and EIA is achieved by changing the split width and coupling distance.The absorption is enhanced up to 2.5 times compared with the dipolar case.The excitation of the dark mode is very important for EIT-and EIA-like responses of the proposed metamaterial.The EIT and EIA phenomena offer a potential method for manipulating electromagnetic response in metamaterial-based devices.
To mechanically manipulate of electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT) in terahertz asymmetric parallel-plate waveguide cavities, the influence of waveguide spacing on the transmission response has been studied experimentally. After setting the appropriate shifting length between two cavities, we found with mechanically increasing the waveguide spacing, the symmetric resonance shows degeneracy when its wavelength is smaller than the waveguide spacing. An on-to-off modulation for symmetric resonance appeared in EIT can be observed with destructive interference broken. This control mechanism of EIT will open a door to design the tunable EIT devices.
We investigated numerically the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) behavior with the maximum Q factor is up to 28000 in a metal-dielectric metamaterial. It composed of two layers, a metallic strip as bright mode stacked above a dielectric rod as another bright mode. The coherent coupling between the broad electric dipole induced by the metal strip and the narrow toroidal dipole induced by the dielectric rod leads to the destructive interference, then introduces a transparency window. Interestingly, the EIT window could be effectively influenced by varying parameters of the two layers and the thickness of middle spacer. This process can be explained by using two-particle model. Furthermore, the radiation loss is greatly suppressed within the EIT windows and the slow light effect is improved a lot. These excellent properties also provide an effective platform for the filters and sensitive chemical and biological sensors in the optical range.