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Optics Letters

Observation of electromagnetically induced transparency-like transmission in terahertz asymmetric waveguide-cavities systems

Lin Chen, Chunmei Gao, Jiaming Xu, Xiaofei Zang, Bin Cai, Yiming Zhu

Published Apr 16, 2013• 76 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like transmission was demonstrated in terahertz asymmetric parallel plate waveguides with two identical cavities. By shifting the position of the bottom cavity from the symmetric position in the propagation direction, both the phases of the propagating wave at resonances and the coupling strengths between two cavities are changed, resulting in exciting the additional asymmetric resonance and manipulating the detuning of two different resonant frequencies. The transparent peak between two resonances comes from the cancelation of symmetric and asymmetric resonances. We also use the physical picture of excitation of quasi-dark mode to explain this EIT-like transmission, which is similar to the metamaterial systems.

DOI
10.1364/ol.38.001379

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Applied Physics Letters•Jul 8, 2013•85 citations
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like transmission was demonstrated in terahertz asymmetric parallel plate waveguides with two identical cavities. By shifting the position of the bottom cavity from the symmetric position in the propagation direction, both the phases of the propagating wave at resonances and the coupling strengths between two cavities are changed, resulting in exciting the additional asymmetric resonance and manipulating the detuning of two different resonant frequencies. The transparent peak between two resonances comes from the cancelation of symmetric and asymmetric resonances. We also use the physical picture of excitation of quasi-dark mode to explain this EIT-like transmission, which is similar to the metamaterial systems.
To mechanically manipulate of electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT) in terahertz asymmetric parallel-plate waveguide cavities, the influence of waveguide spacing on the transmission response has been studied experimentally. After setting the appropriate shifting length between two cavities, we found with mechanically increasing the waveguide spacing, the symmetric resonance shows degeneracy when its wavelength is smaller than the waveguide spacing. An on-to-off modulation for symmetric resonance appeared in EIT can be observed with destructive interference broken. This control mechanism of EIT will open a door to design the tunable EIT devices.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in terahertz (THz) metamaterials relies on the coherent coupling between a radiative (bright) mode and a subradiant (dark) mode. Understanding the dynamic interplay between the bright and dark modes holds the key to manipulate the mutual interference and hence the transparency. Here, we use nonlinear 2D-THz spectroscopy to scrutinize the dynamics through nonlinearities of the EIT-like phenomenon in a metamaterial platform that comprises of two coupled resonators. From the temporal profiles of the nonlinear pump-probe and photon-echo signals, we found that the bright mode relaxation time is almost twice the time for the coherent exchange of energy between the two coupled resonators. The multi-peak nature of photon-echo signal and the corresponding temporal signatures further provides a direct visualization of the interference between the dressed states that drives the transparency window in our THz metamaterial. A time-resolved density matrix model accurately describes the observed features, including the cross-peak behavior and the temporal dynamics, establishing the coherent mode coupling as the origin of the transparency window.
Electromagnetically induced transparency-like (EIT-like) effect is a promising research area for applications of slow light, sensing and metamaterials. The EIT-like effect is generally formed by the destructive interference of bright-dark mode coupling and bright-bright mode coupling. There are seldom reports about EIT-like effect realized by the coupling of two dark modes. In this paper, we numerically and theoretically demonstrated that the EIT-like effect is achieved through dark-dark mode coupling of two waveguide resonances in a compound nanosystem with metal grating and multilayer structure. If we introduce |1⟩, |2⟩ and |3⟩ to represent the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) resonance, waveguide resonance in layer 2, and waveguide resonance in layer 4, the destructive interference occurs between two pathways of |0⟩→|1⟩→|2⟩ and |0⟩→|1⟩→|2⟩→|3⟩→|2⟩, where |0⟩ is the ground state without excitation. Our work will stimulate more studies on EIT-like effect with dark-dark mode coupling in other systems.
The transmission characteristics and electromagnetic responses of orthogonal-coupled slot cavities system are investigated with finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. Results show the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like transmission can be realized in the proposed structure due to the destructive interference between the horizontal cavity (bright mode) and the vertical cavity (dark mode). Moreover, trapped resonance modes in the horizontal cavity can be selective whether to be induced in vertical cavity or not depending on their relative position. Consequently, EIT-like transmission can be obtained in visible and near-infrared range, simultaneously or individually. The corresponding physical mechanisms are discussed in terms of counter profiles of fields | Hz | and coupled mode theory. Influences of the geometrical parameters on EIT-like transmission are also investigated to generate transparency windows with different shape.
Comparing the Q-factor of electromagnetically induced transparency based on a symmetric and asymmetric quasi-dark resonator has been numerically and experimentally demonstrated. The results show that the Q-factor of electromagnetically induced transparency based on the symmetric quasi-dark mode resonator is an order of magnitude larger than that based on the asymmetric quasi-dark mode resonator. The reason for the improved Q-factor is ascribed to the low radiative loss of the symmetric quasi-dark mode resonator. Furthermore, the proposed way holds promise to obtain a different Q-factor of electromagnetically induced transparency in the microwave, terahertz, and optical frequency range.
The coupling effects in electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) for triatomic metamaterials are investigated at terahertz (THz) frequencies both experimentally and theoretically. We observed enhancement and cancellation of EIT with single transparency window, and also two additional ways to achieve double EIT transparency windows. One is from the hybridization between two dark atoms in a bright-dark-dark configuration. Another is from an averaged effect between absorption of the additional bright atom and the EIT from the original diatomic molecule in a bright-bright-dark configuration. It allows us to control EIT and the associated slow-light effect for THz metamaterials with high accuracy. © 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.