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Applied Physics Letters

Manipulating terahertz electromagnetic induced transparency through parallel plate waveguide cavities

Lin Chen, Jiaming Xu, Chunmei Gao, Xiaofei Zang, Bin Cai, Yiming Zhu

Published Dec 16, 2013• 42 citations
Publisher

Abstract

To mechanically manipulate of electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT) in terahertz asymmetric parallel-plate waveguide cavities, the influence of waveguide spacing on the transmission response has been studied experimentally. After setting the appropriate shifting length between two cavities, we found with mechanically increasing the waveguide spacing, the symmetric resonance shows degeneracy when its wavelength is smaller than the waveguide spacing. An on-to-off modulation for symmetric resonance appeared in EIT can be observed with destructive interference broken. This control mechanism of EIT will open a door to design the tunable EIT devices.

DOI
10.1063/1.4852115

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To mechanically manipulate of electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT) in terahertz asymmetric parallel-plate waveguide cavities, the influence of waveguide spacing on the transmission response has been studied experimentally. After setting the appropriate shifting length between two cavities, we found with mechanically increasing the waveguide spacing, the symmetric resonance shows degeneracy when its wavelength is smaller than the waveguide spacing. An on-to-off modulation for symmetric resonance appeared in EIT can be observed with destructive interference broken. This control mechanism of EIT will open a door to design the tunable EIT devices.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like transmission was demonstrated in terahertz asymmetric parallel plate waveguides with two identical cavities. By shifting the position of the bottom cavity from the symmetric position in the propagation direction, both the phases of the propagating wave at resonances and the coupling strengths between two cavities are changed, resulting in exciting the additional asymmetric resonance and manipulating the detuning of two different resonant frequencies. The transparent peak between two resonances comes from the cancelation of symmetric and asymmetric resonances. We also use the physical picture of excitation of quasi-dark mode to explain this EIT-like transmission, which is similar to the metamaterial systems.
The electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT) to atomic systems and its various applications have been extensively investigated, both theoretically and experimentally. In this paper, we study how to similarly verify these phenomena in the waveguide coupled to the transmission line resonators. By making use of real space quantum scattering theory, we calculate the transmission spectrum of the waveguide photons scattered by a single quarter-wavelength transmission line resonator. Our experimental results show that the resonant microwave transporting along the feedline is completely reflected by the resonator. This is similar to the situation of the light absorbed by the resonant atomic medium, and thus its transmission is significantly suppressed. Like the EIT phenomena in atomic gas, wherein the resonant absorption can be significantly suppressed by applying a strong pumping light to control the optical properties of medium, the transport properties of the resonant microwave can be investigated by coupling it into an auxiliary quarter-wavelength resonator in this paper. If the frequency of the auxiliary quarter-wavelength resonator is different from the resonant frequency, the calculated transmission spectrum shows that the coupling with auxiliary quarter-wavelength resonator induces the complete transmission of the resonant microwave. This is one of the features of the EIT-like effect, and can be simply explained as the frequency renormalization of the coupling resonators. Also, by adjusting the coupling strength between the resonators, the width of the microwave transmission spectrum window can be manipulated. Our experimental observations verify such an argument, but the phase shift mutation (another typical signs of the EIT effect) of the resonant microwave cannot be observed. In physics, this is because the interference between the transmitted microwave and the reflected micowave with different frequencies does not take place in the coupling region between the two resonators. It is expected that the effects with the complete EIT-like phenomena can be observed, in future, by fabricating the sample of two quarter-wavelength transmission line resonators with the same frequency, and thus the coupling between the two resonators can be controlled.
A classical effect of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is demonstrated in a dielectric slab waveguide at visible frequencies. Two nano-sized elliptical silver particles are placed inside the waveguide core layer, and their localized plasmonic resonances are utilized to obtain bright and dark states. The destructive interference between the two resonance paths leads to an EIT-like transmission spectrum of the waveguide. The contrast between the transmission peak and dip can be further enhanced by incorporating the Fabry-Perot resonance effect. The influence of Joule loss on the EIT performance is also investigated.
The transmission characteristics and electromagnetic responses of orthogonal-coupled slot cavities system are investigated with finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. Results show the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like transmission can be realized in the proposed structure due to the destructive interference between the horizontal cavity (bright mode) and the vertical cavity (dark mode). Moreover, trapped resonance modes in the horizontal cavity can be selective whether to be induced in vertical cavity or not depending on their relative position. Consequently, EIT-like transmission can be obtained in visible and near-infrared range, simultaneously or individually. The corresponding physical mechanisms are discussed in terms of counter profiles of fields | Hz | and coupled mode theory. Influences of the geometrical parameters on EIT-like transmission are also investigated to generate transparency windows with different shape.
In this paper, the analog to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in the double-coupled one-dimensional photonic crystal cavities are proposed and experimentally observed. This EIT-like effect is due to the interference of two resonance modes and the leaky propagation mode. A nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) comb drive is used to align the two resonant wavelengths up, which is first used in the studies of the EIT-like effect. The fabrication of the device bases on the standard semiconductor process. Finally, the evolution of the EIT-like transmission spectrum with the applied voltages is shown in the last part of this paper.
A tripod-configuration four-level atomic system can exhibit nontrivial quantum destructive and constructive interference that could manipulate the optical response of an atomic vapour. It is shown that the tunable double-control electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) would be controlled via the quantum interference between two control fields interacting with the present atomic system. If a metallic waveguide is filled with such a double-control four-level atomic vapour, the quantum vacuum mode structure in the present EIT waveguide would have a novel influence on the atomic spontaneous emission decay (and hence on the EIT optical behavior). As the waveguide dimension change (i.e., the change in length scale of cross section of waveguide) can vary the vacuum mode structure, which can lead to spontaneous emission enhancement or inhibition, the optical response (including absorption and transparency induced by the tunable double-control quantum destructive and constructive interference) of the atomic vapour in the waveguide is quite sensitive to small change in the waveguide dimension caused by external environmental factors (such as electric signal voltage, environmental temperature change and acoustic pressure). The sensitive optical response based on the mechanisms of both double-control quantum interference and quantum-vacuum manipulation presented here may have some potential applications to the technique for designing new photonic and quantum optical devices.