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arXiv:1908.08632

Analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency with high Q factor in Metal-dielectric metamaterials

Bingxin Han, Zhi Hong

Published Aug 23, 2019• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We investigated numerically the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) behavior with the maximum Q factor is up to 28000 in a metal-dielectric metamaterial. It composed of two layers, a metallic strip as bright mode stacked above a dielectric rod as another bright mode. The coherent coupling between the broad electric dipole induced by the metal strip and the narrow toroidal dipole induced by the dielectric rod leads to the destructive interference, then introduces a transparency window. Interestingly, the EIT window could be effectively influenced by varying parameters of the two layers and the thickness of middle spacer. This process can be explained by using two-particle model. Furthermore, the radiation loss is greatly suppressed within the EIT windows and the slow light effect is improved a lot. These excellent properties also provide an effective platform for the filters and sensitive chemical and biological sensors in the optical range.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1908.08632

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We investigated numerically the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) behavior with the maximum Q factor is up to 28000 in a metal-dielectric metamaterial. It composed of two layers, a metallic strip as bright mode stacked above a dielectric rod as another bright mode. The coherent coupling between the broad electric dipole induced by the metal strip and the narrow toroidal dipole induced by the dielectric rod leads to the destructive interference, then introduces a transparency window. Interestingly, the EIT window could be effectively influenced by varying parameters of the two layers and the thickness of middle spacer. This process can be explained by using two-particle model. Furthermore, the radiation loss is greatly suppressed within the EIT windows and the slow light effect is improved a lot. These excellent properties also provide an effective platform for the filters and sensitive chemical and biological sensors in the optical range.
We investigate numerically an analog of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in an all-dielectric metamaterial-waveguide (ADMW) that consists of a two-dimensional silicon rod array on quartz slab waveguide. The EIT-like response is achieved by the destructive interference between a broad magnetic resonance and a narrow guide mode resonance. By tailoring the guided mode through the thickness of the slab waveguide or the lattice period of the metamaterial, an EIT-like transmission window is achieved with both high Q-factor (>104) and high transmission (>94%). And the group refractive index at the EIT-like resonance of the ADMW can be up to several thousands. These results demonstrate that the proposed ADMW has potential applications in low-loss slow-light based devices, bio-chemical sensing, and optical modulations.
In this paper, based on the constructive interference of plasmonic dipolar and quadrupolar modes, a classical analogue of electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) is demonstrated theoretically in a stacked metamaterial consisting of a short metal strip (which acts as a bright resonator) and a long metal strip (acting as a dark resonator), which has been reported to support the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect. The transition from EIA to EIT can be clearly observed in the absorbance spectra via varying the vertical spacing between two resonant oscillators. With the help of the coupled two-oscillator model, the phase shift between the bright and dark resonance modes is calculated by fitting the simulated absorbance spectra, which reveals the physical mechanisms behind constructive and destructive interference effects in EIT/EIA metamaterials.
Analogs of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) in metamaterial have undoubtedly become a research hotspot in recent years. In this paper, we summarized some of the literature on EIT published to date and compared their performance. Then, we designed two kinds of metamaterials using aluminum and silicon. Both have the similar glasses-shaped structure of a periodic lattice with one bar resonator and two split ring resonators. We analyzed and compared the EIT performance in the near infrared waveband of these two metamaterials. The metallic EIT metamaterials with large radiation loss and ohmic heat loss have a smaller Q-factor than the dielectric counterpart with less energy loss, while having a higher sensitivity toward the ambient refractive index. The Q-factor of our designed aluminum metamaterial and silicon metamaterial are 10.06 and 412.6, respectively. Their sensitivities are 1642.97 nm/RIU and 433.05 nm/RIU, respectively, which are higher than most of their counterparts in the same waveband in the other literature. For the application of slow light, the dielectric metamaterials with higher Q-factor are far superior to the metallic metamaterials in the same waveband and comparable propagation distance. The group index of the aluminum metamaterial is 42.9, and the group delay is 0.01 ps in the near infrared waveband. For the silicon metamaterial, the group index is approximately 1907.1, and the group delay is 0.89 ps within the transmission window in the near infrared waveband; these values are both higher than most counterparts in the same waveband in other literature. The EIT metamaterials that we designed have excellent performance, and to the best of our knowledge, this paper presents the first detailed comparison of EIT metamaterials made of dielectric and metal with similar structure; this paper may have certain instructive meaning for further research on metamaterial analogues of EIT in the future.
Electromagnetically induced transparency-like (EIT-like) effect is a promising research area for applications of slow light, sensing and metamaterials. The EIT-like effect is generally formed by the destructive interference of bright-dark mode coupling and bright-bright mode coupling. There are seldom reports about EIT-like effect realized by the coupling of two dark modes. In this paper, we numerically and theoretically demonstrated that the EIT-like effect is achieved through dark-dark mode coupling of two waveguide resonances in a compound nanosystem with metal grating and multilayer structure. If we introduce |1⟩, |2⟩ and |3⟩ to represent the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) resonance, waveguide resonance in layer 2, and waveguide resonance in layer 4, the destructive interference occurs between two pathways of |0⟩→|1⟩→|2⟩ and |0⟩→|1⟩→|2⟩→|3⟩→|2⟩, where |0⟩ is the ground state without excitation. Our work will stimulate more studies on EIT-like effect with dark-dark mode coupling in other systems.
An analogy of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) based on all-dielectric metamaterial is theoretically demonstrated in this paper. The U-shaped Silicon-based metamaterial unit cell comprises a dipole antenna supported by one horizontal nanoscale bar and a quadrupolar antenna supported by two vertical nanoscale bars. The near-field coupling between the two antennas and the reduction of absorption loss lead to a narrow EIT-like transmission window with a high quality-factor of 130, which exhibits a refractive index sensitivity with a figure-of-merit of 29. The group delay of 0.75 ps and the group index of 2035 are obtained in the transmission window. Due to these unique optical properties, the proposed metamaterial structure can find many applications including slow-light devices, optical sensors, enhancement of non-linear processes, and storage of quantum information.