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IEEE photonics journal

Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in an All-Dielectric Metamaterial-Waveguide With Large Group Index

Chuanshuai Sui, Bingxin Han, Tingting Lang, Xiangjun Li, X. M. Jing, Zhi Hong

Published Jul 17, 2017• 23 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate numerically an analog of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in an all-dielectric metamaterial-waveguide (ADMW) that consists of a two-dimensional silicon rod array on quartz slab waveguide. The EIT-like response is achieved by the destructive interference between a broad magnetic resonance and a narrow guide mode resonance. By tailoring the guided mode through the thickness of the slab waveguide or the lattice period of the metamaterial, an EIT-like transmission window is achieved with both high Q-factor (>104) and high transmission (>94%). And the group refractive index at the EIT-like resonance of the ADMW can be up to several thousands. These results demonstrate that the proposed ADMW has potential applications in low-loss slow-light based devices, bio-chemical sensing, and optical modulations.

DOI
10.1109/jphot.2017.2727509

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Physical Review A•Nov 4, 2019•23 citations
We investigate numerically an analog of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in an all-dielectric metamaterial-waveguide (ADMW) that consists of a two-dimensional silicon rod array on quartz slab waveguide. The EIT-like response is achieved by the destructive interference between a broad magnetic resonance and a narrow guide mode resonance. By tailoring the guided mode through the thickness of the slab waveguide or the lattice period of the metamaterial, an EIT-like transmission window is achieved with both high Q-factor (>104) and high transmission (>94%). And the group refractive index at the EIT-like resonance of the ADMW can be up to several thousands. These results demonstrate that the proposed ADMW has potential applications in low-loss slow-light based devices, bio-chemical sensing, and optical modulations.
Slow light technique has significant potential applications in many contemporary photonic device developments for integrated all-optical circuit, such as buffers, regenerators, switches and interferometers. In this paper, we present an efficient coupling mechanism of an electromagnetically induced transparency like (EIT-like) effect in an all-dielectric nano-metamaterial. This EIT-like effect is generated by destructive interference between a radiative Fabry-Perot (FP) mode and a dark waveguide (WG) mode, which is based on a combined structure of a dielectric grating and multilayer films. The dark WG mode is excited by guided mode of dielectric grating instead of radiative FP mode. In analogy to the molecular transition process, the FP mode, guided mode and WG mode are denoted by excited states of |1〉, |2〉 and |3〉. The two coupling pathways of the EIT-like effect in our metamaterial are |0〉 → |1〉 and |0〉 → |2〉 → |3〉 → |1〉, where |0〉 is the ground state. The simulated resonant wavelength of WG mode is consistent with theoretical result. We further confirm this EIT-like effect through a two-oscillator coupling analysis. We achieve a group refractive index of 913.6 by adjusting these two modes coupling of the EIT-like effect, which is useful for developing slow light device. This work provides a valuable solution to realize electromagnetically induced transparency in all-dielectric nanomaterial.
An analogy of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) based on all-dielectric metamaterial is theoretically demonstrated in this paper. The U-shaped Silicon-based metamaterial unit cell comprises a dipole antenna supported by one horizontal nanoscale bar and a quadrupolar antenna supported by two vertical nanoscale bars. The near-field coupling between the two antennas and the reduction of absorption loss lead to a narrow EIT-like transmission window with a high quality-factor of 130, which exhibits a refractive index sensitivity with a figure-of-merit of 29. The group delay of 0.75 ps and the group index of 2035 are obtained in the transmission window. Due to these unique optical properties, the proposed metamaterial structure can find many applications including slow-light devices, optical sensors, enhancement of non-linear processes, and storage of quantum information.
We investigated numerically the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) behavior with the maximum Q factor is up to 28000 in a metal-dielectric metamaterial. It composed of two layers, a metallic strip as bright mode stacked above a dielectric rod as another bright mode. The coherent coupling between the broad electric dipole induced by the metal strip and the narrow toroidal dipole induced by the dielectric rod leads to the destructive interference, then introduces a transparency window. Interestingly, the EIT window could be effectively influenced by varying parameters of the two layers and the thickness of middle spacer. This process can be explained by using two-particle model. Furthermore, the radiation loss is greatly suppressed within the EIT windows and the slow light effect is improved a lot. These excellent properties also provide an effective platform for the filters and sensitive chemical and biological sensors in the optical range.
Analogs of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) in metamaterial have undoubtedly become a research hotspot in recent years. In this paper, we summarized some of the literature on EIT published to date and compared their performance. Then, we designed two kinds of metamaterials using aluminum and silicon. Both have the similar glasses-shaped structure of a periodic lattice with one bar resonator and two split ring resonators. We analyzed and compared the EIT performance in the near infrared waveband of these two metamaterials. The metallic EIT metamaterials with large radiation loss and ohmic heat loss have a smaller Q-factor than the dielectric counterpart with less energy loss, while having a higher sensitivity toward the ambient refractive index. The Q-factor of our designed aluminum metamaterial and silicon metamaterial are 10.06 and 412.6, respectively. Their sensitivities are 1642.97 nm/RIU and 433.05 nm/RIU, respectively, which are higher than most of their counterparts in the same waveband in the other literature. For the application of slow light, the dielectric metamaterials with higher Q-factor are far superior to the metallic metamaterials in the same waveband and comparable propagation distance. The group index of the aluminum metamaterial is 42.9, and the group delay is 0.01 ps in the near infrared waveband. For the silicon metamaterial, the group index is approximately 1907.1, and the group delay is 0.89 ps within the transmission window in the near infrared waveband; these values are both higher than most counterparts in the same waveband in other literature. The EIT metamaterials that we designed have excellent performance, and to the best of our knowledge, this paper presents the first detailed comparison of EIT metamaterials made of dielectric and metal with similar structure; this paper may have certain instructive meaning for further research on metamaterial analogues of EIT in the future.
Abstract Active control of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in metamaterials promises tremendous potential applications. However, previously reported strategies most require sensitive materials as well as additional experimental apparatus, which are inconvenient for on-chip operation and restrain their implementations in fully integrated design. We propose a low-loss all-dielectric metamaterial with orthogonal double bright modes, which shows a narrowband transparency window at 950.05 nm with a high Q -factor of 2111. Just by varying the incident light polarization angle, an on-to-off in-situ EIT modulation without changing Q -factor is perfectly achieved, and the modulation depth can be up to 99.7%. Additionally, optical control of group delay with up to 36.22 ps is also demonstrated. This work provides a simple route to design chip-scale devices with optically dynamic controllability and finds fascinating applications in low-loss active slow light devices, optical switch and sensitive bio-sensing.
We theoretically and experimentally studied the coupling of the magnetic Mie resonance of a dielectric cuboid and the guide mode resonance of an alumina slab in an all-dielectric metamaterial. It is found that the excitation of the discrete guide mode resonance or substrate resonance of the alumina slab can be properly controlled by designing the geometry of the dielectric cuboid. Moreover, it is found that the coupling of substrate resonance and the Mie resonance of the cuboid can be tailored to achieve electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)--like spectrum. The tunability of the EIT-like spectrum based on the geometric parameters was also studied. Our results utilizing the crucial contribution of substrate derive a realization of EIT in all-dielectric metamaterial and thus pave a way for optical spectral control with all-dielectric coupled system.