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Computer Optics

Frequency stabilization of a single-photon source based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion by an external electric field

D O Akat’ev, А. А. Калачев

Published Jan 1, 2016• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we examine a method of controlling the spectrum of spontaneous parametric down-conversion in crystals with quadratic nonlinearity by an external homogeneous electric field via the Pockels effect, and discuss the possibility of stabilizing the carrier frequency of the corresponding single-photon source based on backward-wave spontaneous parametric down-conversion.

DOI
10.18287/2412-6179-2016-40-1-26-30

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In this paper, we examine a method of controlling the spectrum of spontaneous parametric down-conversion in crystals with quadratic nonlinearity by an external homogeneous electric field via the Pockels effect, and discuss the possibility of stabilizing the carrier frequency of the corresponding single-photon source based on backward-wave spontaneous parametric down-conversion.
The problem of generating a narrow-band biphoton field during spontaneous parametric down conversion of light in a quadratic nonlinear medium in a cavity is discussed. It is shown that, in the case of double resonance (for signal and idle fields), the form of the single-photon wave packet is biexponential and has a half-width determined by the photon life time in the cavity. An experiment is carried out on the generation of narrow-band biphotons in a crystal of lithium iodine with I-type matching in a frequency degenerate collinear regime. The second-order correlation function of the cavity-enhanced biphotons is measured using the electric nanosecond time delay line.
This paper discusses the possibilities of using spontaneous parametric scattering (SPS) in impurity crystals with a periodic domain structure for the efficient generation of narrow-band single-photon pulses. Using a periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate crystal doped with trivalent erbium ions as an example, it is shown that, in the case of a nonlinear crystal with a periodic domain structure, allowing the generation of photons on the opposite sides, the width of the SPS spectrum can be less than the free spectral zone of a single-cavity parametric generator based on this crystal. Such an SPS regime can be useful when creating narrow-band sources of single-photon states that can be recorded and reproduced in optical quantum-memory devices, as well as for combining SPS processes and quantum memory in a single medium—a nonlinear impurity crystal.
An effective-medium approach is used to derive a set of coupled-mode equations describing quadratic parametric interactions in a one-dimensional inhomogeneous medium of finite length. The solutions for both copropagating and counterpropagating interactions are used to study the quantum-mechanical process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC). An example is studied in which the inhomogeneous medium is a photonic crystal. The effect that device geometry has on both the efficiency and bandwidth of SPDC is explored. With appropriate design, we find that it is possible not only to enhance the efficiency of SPDC, but also to generate broadband copropagating and narrowband counterpropagating down-converted light. A setup is proposed with the potential to act as a source of entangled photon pairs.