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Technical Physics Letters

Coherent population trapping on 87Rb atoms in small-size absorption cells with buffer gas

Ермак Сергей Викторович, Mikhail V. Petrenko, V. V. Semenov

Published Feb 1, 2016• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Coherent population trapping (CPT) on 87 Rb atoms in neon atmosphere has been studied in small-size glass absorption cells under conditions of pumping with narrow-band laser radiation at the D 2 line of the main doublet. Parameters of the absorption signal have been measured in 3-mm-diameter cells at buffer gas (Ne) pressures varied within 200–400 Torr, cell temperatures within 65–120°C, and pumping radiation power densities within 30–400 μW/cm 2 . Optimum values of the buffer gas pressures, cell temperature, and pumping power are determined at which the short-term instability of the resonance line is at minimum. Orientational shifts of the CPT resonance signal in gas-filled cells and small-size cells with antirelaxation coating have been compared.

DOI
10.1134/s1063785016020061

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Quantum Electronics•Mar 1, 2019•6 citations
Coherent population trapping (CPT) on 87 Rb atoms in neon atmosphere has been studied in small-size glass absorption cells under conditions of pumping with narrow-band laser radiation at the D 2 line of the main doublet. Parameters of the absorption signal have been measured in 3-mm-diameter cells at buffer gas (Ne) pressures varied within 200–400 Torr, cell temperatures within 65–120°C, and pumping radiation power densities within 30–400 μW/cm 2 . Optimum values of the buffer gas pressures, cell temperature, and pumping power are determined at which the short-term instability of the resonance line is at minimum. Orientational shifts of the CPT resonance signal in gas-filled cells and small-size cells with antirelaxation coating have been compared.
Characteristics of CPT (coherent population trapping) signal are investigated in small-size glass vapor cells containing 87 Rb and Ne buffer gas with narrow linewidth laser pumping on D 2 line. Parameters of CPT absorption signals are measured using small-size vapor cells with Ne buffer gas pressure in range of 200-400 Torr, cell temperature in range of 65-120 °C and values of laser pumping power of 30-400 μW/cm 2 . Optimum conditions, under which the minimal value of short-term instability of resonance line is achieved, are obtained in experiments. CPT signals using vapor cells based on integrated technologies containing 87 Rb in atmosphere of Ne are also investigated. The CPT signals with typical linewidths of 2-3 kHz and signal-to-noise ratio of 1500 in 1 Hz bandwidth are observed, which allows one to provide relative frequency instability of 10 -11 at 100 s.
The characteristics of coherent population trapping (CPT) signal were investigated in small-size glass vapor cells containing [Formula: see text]Rb and Ne buffer gas with narrow line-width laser pumping on D2 line. The parameters of CPT signals were measured using small-size vapor cells with Ne buffer gas pressure in the range of 200–400 Torr, cell temperature in the range of 65–120 [Formula: see text]C and the values of laser pumping power of 30–400 [Formula: see text]W/cm2. Optimal conditions, under which the minimal value of short-term instability of resonance line is achieved, were obtained in experiments. Orientation frequency shifts of CPT resonance using glass [Formula: see text]Rb vapor cells containing buffer gas and anti-relaxation coating were compared. CPT signals using vapor cells based on integrated technologies containing [Formula: see text]Rb in atmosphere of Ne were also investigated. The CPT signals with typical line widths of 2–3 kHz and signal-to-noise ratio of 1500 in 1 Hz bandwidth are observed, which allows one to provide relative frequency instability of 10[Formula: see text] at 100 s.
We present a pair of phase-locked lasers with a 9.2-GHz frequency difference through the injection locking of a master laser to the RF-modulation sideband of a slave diode laser. Using this laser system, a coherent population trapping (CPT) signal with a typical linewidth of ∼ 182 Hz is obtained in a cesium vapor cell filled with 30 Torr (4 kPa) of neon as the buffer gas. We investigate the influence of the partial pressure of the neon buffer gas on the CPT linewidth, amplitude, and frequency shift. The results may offer some references for CPT atomic clocks and CPT atomic magnetometers.
Based on a Λ-type three-level system consists of cesium (Cs) 6S1/2 (Fg = 3) and 6S1/2 (Fg = 4) long-lived ground states and 6P3/2 (Fe = 4) excited state, we have experimentally measured and theoretically analyzed the characters of coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances in Cs vapor cells with different partial pressure of neon (Ne) as buffer gas around room temperature. The impact of some experimental parameters, such as the relative intensity ratio between two phase-locked laser beams, the laser intensity, with or without buffer gas and the partial pressure of Ne, the temperature and the longitudinal magnetic field, on the CPT resonance was studied in details. With the optimized parameters, we got typical CPT signal with the full-width half-maximum (FWHM) linewidth as narrow as ~ 181 Hz in a Cs vapor cell filled with 30 Torr of Ne as buffer gas.
The paper shows the presents results of studies of small-size rubidium cells with argon and neon buffer gases, produced by a patent pended technique of laser welding [Fishman et al. (2014)]. Cells were designed for miniature frequency standard. Temperature dependence of the frequency of the coherent population trapping (CPT) resonance was measured and used to optimize the ratio of partial pressures of buffer gases. The influence of duration and regime of annealing on the CPT-resonance frequency drift was investigated. The parameters of the FM modulation of laser current for two cases which correspond to the highest amplitude of CPT resonance and to the smallest light shifts of the resonance frequency were determined. The temperature dependences of the CPT resonance frequency were found to be surprisingly different in the two cases. A non-linear dependence of CPT resonance frequency on the temperature of the cell with the two extremes was revealed for one of these cases.
We report the results of experimental investigation of the Raman – Ramsey method of pulsed excitation of coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances in a rubidium vapour cell filled with a mixture of Ar and Ne buffer gases. For the development of compact quantum microwave frequency standards, this method is an alternative to the pulsed optical pumping method recently implemented using the same rubidium cell. Both methods have advantages over the traditional double radio-optical resonance technique, the main of which is the substantial suppression of the light shift of the clock transition frequency, since the evolution of the coherence of atomic states forming the clock transition occurs in the absence of laser radiation in the cell. The narrow (110 – 240 Hz) Raman – Ramsey resonances are obtained using the scheme of pulsed excitation of CPT resonances on the D 1 lines of the 87 Rb atom with the same linear (lin||lin) polarisations of the bichromatic laser radiation components. The process of optimising the central fringe linewidth, its contrast, and the linewidth-to-contrast ratio is described. The magnetic dependence of the Raman – Ramsey line central fringe linewidth is experimentally investigated.