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International Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Informatics (AMEII)

The New Cryogenic Superfluid Gyroscope Based On Matter Wave Interference Effects

Mao-lin Deng, Yun-ting Zhou

Published Jan 1, 2016• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, the physical mechanism of the cryogenic superfluid gyroscope based on AC Josephson effect are analyzed , meanwhile, the implementation of the cryogenic superfluid gyroscope was brought up and the advantage of the sensitivity of the gyroscope is proved by theoretical derivation.A method to expand the measurement range based on amplitude locking technology are proposed ,according to the problems of the insufficient range existing in the implementation of the cryogenic superfluid gyroscope based on AC Josephson effect when the information of corresponding angular velocity is extracted.Achievements of the study will be valuable reference to the simulation of cryogenic superfluid gyroscope.

DOI
10.2991/ameii-16.2016.226

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In this paper, the physical mechanism of the cryogenic superfluid gyroscope based on AC Josephson effect are analyzed , meanwhile, the implementation of the cryogenic superfluid gyroscope was brought up and the advantage of the sensitivity of the gyroscope is proved by theoretical derivation.A method to expand the measurement range based on amplitude locking technology are proposed ,according to the problems of the insufficient range existing in the implementation of the cryogenic superfluid gyroscope based on AC Josephson effect when the information of corresponding angular velocity is extracted.Achievements of the study will be valuable reference to the simulation of cryogenic superfluid gyroscope.
Gyroscope accuracy is closely related to its noise.To develop a novel superfluid matter wave interference gyroscope with high accuracy,its noise should be studied systematically.First,according to the generating mechanism of gyroscope noise,its origins are analyzed.The noise types are classified as thermal,locking value fluctuation,temperature fluctuation,frequency fluctuation and detecting element noise.Then,based on the mathematic model of each noise,the gyroscope noise is analyzed by utilizing some common parameters.The results show that thermal noise is relevant to the gyroscope structure parameter and working parameter,but is irrelevant to detected angular velocity.Locking fluctuation noise is only relevant to structure parameter;the other noises are all related to structure parameter,working parameter and detected angular velocity.Detecting element,frequency and locking value fluctuation noises are the primary factors that contribute to gyroscope output noise.In the range of the changing value of angular velocity,the gyroscope output noise changes nonlinearly with arange from the order of-7 to-6 in 1 Hz bandwidth.
This paper presents the recent research status of quantum gyroscope and superfluid gyroscope based on the new physical effects of cryogenic Bose-Einstein condensation.The physical effects,operating principles and technical status of the two new types of gyroscopes were described.The quantum gyroscope is based on the Sagnac effect of mater wave,and its precision is several orders higher than that of optical gyroscope.The superfluid gyroscope is based on the superfluid’s low-viscosity and the quantum’s vortex properties,and can obtain super-high precision in principle.At last,the paper analyzes the development prospect of the two types of gyroscopes.
Thermal noise is closely related with steady state and resolution of superfluid gyroscope.In this paper,the thermal noise model of superfluid gyroscope was established by using the standard deviation of superfluid's phase difference across the weak link.Based on this model,the impacts of thermal noise on Josephson oscillation effect and gyroscope's resolution were analysed,and the ways to suppress the thermal noise were studied.Simulation results show that,by increasing the number of aperture to thousands and setting the temperature and aperture's diameter to 2.169 K and 70 nm respectively,the thermal noise can be suppressed to the order of 10-9 rad/(s?Hz1/2),then the gyroscope has the ability to detect very small angular velocity.
With high precision and sensitivity, quantum gyroscope has become a research hotspot of inertial technology in recent years. Because the Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) in atomic gas has more condensate atoms, atomic gas is pure and thin, and there is no friction in atoms, the matter–wave gyroscopy with counter-rotating vortex superpositions has great potential of higher sensitivity, higher precision, and miniaturization. The basic mechanism and sensitivity of the matter– wave gyroscopy with counter-rotating vortex superpositions were analyzed, and the interaction between superposition of vortex beams and BEC atomic gases were studied, it is Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP). In the study, the outstanding issue that the gyroscopy is difficult to obtain stable vortices with high order orbital angular momentum was clarified by theoretical derivation on the base of Gross-Pitaevskii equation which is the basic equation in BEC. For solving the above problems, the scheme which is easy to achieve based on Sombrero potential trap was proposed.
We show that a toroidal superfluid interrupted by nnn tunneling barriers realizes a compact Josephson gyroscope with an nnn-enhanced response to rotation. In the small-amplitude regime, we derive analytically the normal mode spectrum of the coupled population-phase oscillations. In the absence of rotation, pairs of modes are degenerate: a finite angular velocity ΩΩΩ lifts this degeneracy through a Doppler shift, producing a frequency splitting that grows linearly with both ΩΩΩ and nnn. Full numerical simulations confirm this prediction and reveal long-lived two-frequency beatings, in sharp contrast with the monochromatic Josephson oscillations of the nonrotating system. These beatings provide a direct rotation signal with estimation uncertainty scaling as ΔΩ∼n−3/2ΔΩ\sim n^{-3/2}ΔΩ∼n−3/2, while remaining robust against imperfections and dynamical excitations. These results identify multi-junction toroidal superfluids as scalable, micrometer-size rotation sensors compatible with current experimental platforms.