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Acta Aeronautica Et Astronautica Sinica

Research on the Noises of Superfluid Matter Wave Interference Gyroscope

Zheng Xie

Published Jan 1, 2013• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Gyroscope accuracy is closely related to its noise.To develop a novel superfluid matter wave interference gyroscope with high accuracy,its noise should be studied systematically.First,according to the generating mechanism of gyroscope noise,its origins are analyzed.The noise types are classified as thermal,locking value fluctuation,temperature fluctuation,frequency fluctuation and detecting element noise.Then,based on the mathematic model of each noise,the gyroscope noise is analyzed by utilizing some common parameters.The results show that thermal noise is relevant to the gyroscope structure parameter and working parameter,but is irrelevant to detected angular velocity.Locking fluctuation noise is only relevant to structure parameter;the other noises are all related to structure parameter,working parameter and detected angular velocity.Detecting element,frequency and locking value fluctuation noises are the primary factors that contribute to gyroscope output noise.In the range of the changing value of angular velocity,the gyroscope output noise changes nonlinearly with arange from the order of-7 to-6 in 1 Hz bandwidth.

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Physical Review B•Apr 25, 2005•11 citations
Gyroscope accuracy is closely related to its noise.To develop a novel superfluid matter wave interference gyroscope with high accuracy,its noise should be studied systematically.First,according to the generating mechanism of gyroscope noise,its origins are analyzed.The noise types are classified as thermal,locking value fluctuation,temperature fluctuation,frequency fluctuation and detecting element noise.Then,based on the mathematic model of each noise,the gyroscope noise is analyzed by utilizing some common parameters.The results show that thermal noise is relevant to the gyroscope structure parameter and working parameter,but is irrelevant to detected angular velocity.Locking fluctuation noise is only relevant to structure parameter;the other noises are all related to structure parameter,working parameter and detected angular velocity.Detecting element,frequency and locking value fluctuation noises are the primary factors that contribute to gyroscope output noise.In the range of the changing value of angular velocity,the gyroscope output noise changes nonlinearly with arange from the order of-7 to-6 in 1 Hz bandwidth.
Thermal noise is closely related with steady state and resolution of superfluid gyroscope.In this paper,the thermal noise model of superfluid gyroscope was established by using the standard deviation of superfluid's phase difference across the weak link.Based on this model,the impacts of thermal noise on Josephson oscillation effect and gyroscope's resolution were analysed,and the ways to suppress the thermal noise were studied.Simulation results show that,by increasing the number of aperture to thousands and setting the temperature and aperture's diameter to 2.169 K and 70 nm respectively,the thermal noise can be suppressed to the order of 10-9 rad/(s?Hz1/2),then the gyroscope has the ability to detect very small angular velocity.
In this paper, the physical mechanism of the cryogenic superfluid gyroscope based on AC Josephson effect are analyzed , meanwhile, the implementation of the cryogenic superfluid gyroscope was brought up and the advantage of the sensitivity of the gyroscope is proved by theoretical derivation.A method to expand the measurement range based on amplitude locking technology are proposed ,according to the problems of the insufficient range existing in the implementation of the cryogenic superfluid gyroscope based on AC Josephson effect when the information of corresponding angular velocity is extracted.Achievements of the study will be valuable reference to the simulation of cryogenic superfluid gyroscope.
This paper presents the recent research status of quantum gyroscope and superfluid gyroscope based on the new physical effects of cryogenic Bose-Einstein condensation.The physical effects,operating principles and technical status of the two new types of gyroscopes were described.The quantum gyroscope is based on the Sagnac effect of mater wave,and its precision is several orders higher than that of optical gyroscope.The superfluid gyroscope is based on the superfluid’s low-viscosity and the quantum’s vortex properties,and can obtain super-high precision in principle.At last,the paper analyzes the development prospect of the two types of gyroscopes.
As an important technique for developing high-precision gyroscopes, atom interferometry with continuous atomic beams has exhibited advantages of high short-term sensitivity and dynamic response relative to that with periodically launched atom clouds. This article reanalyzes the characteristics of an atomic beam interferometric gyroscope from perspectives including the continuous operation mode and the modified sensitivity dependence on laser and atomic sources. Specific requirements on certain experimental parameters are explored including the Raman beam diameter, detection beam diameter, atomic flux, laser power, laser phase noise, atomic longitudinal and transverse velocity distributions. The parameter determining strategy is discussed to achieve target sensitivity with controlled conditions such as system volume and operating bandwidth. The results would provide strong support on analytical method and data reference for further improvement of atomic beam interferometric gyroscopes.
We measured the amplitude–frequency characteristics of radio frequency superconducting quantum interference devices (rf SQUIDs) over a temperature range between 65 and 79 K. Using the expressions derived from the recently developed rf SQUID theory, valid also at large thermal fluctuations, we determined from these data the basic parameters of high-transition-temperature superconductor (HTS) rf SQUIDs. These parameters were: (a) the high-frequency coupling coefficient between the rf SQUID and the tank circuit resonator, k, (b) the SQUIDs hysteretic parameter, β, (c) the critical current of the Josephson junction, Ic, (d) its normal resistance, Rn, and (e) its noise parameter, Γ. We found a good agreement with the values of β(Ic) and Rn determined directly after destructively opening the SQUID loop. In accordance with the theoretical predictions, our experimental results show that at large thermal fluctuation levels (T≅77 K), rf SQUIDs with large loop inductance operate in nonhysteretic mode up to β values exceeding 3. Furthermore, we have shown that the optimal energy sensitivity is attained in the nonhysteretic mode at a value of β distinctly higher than 1. A quantitative comparison of white noise predicted by the theory with that obtained from the experiment showed a reasonable agreement. We also discussed the contribution of the phase information to the SQUID’s signal and noise at optimum operation conditions, when a mixer was used as a signal detector.
We reexamine mass flow in a superfluid gyroscope containing a superfluid Josephson weak link. We introduce a frequency-dependent hydrodynamic inductance to account for an oscillatory flow of the normal fluid component in the sensing loop. With this hydrodynamic inductance, we derive the thermal phase noise, and hence the thermal rotational noise of the gyroscope. We examine the thermodynamic stability of the system based on an analysis of the free energy. We derive a quantum phase noise, which is analogous to the zero-point motion of a simple harmonic oscillator. The configuration of the studied gyroscope is analogous to a conventional superconducting RF SQUID. We show that the gyroscope has very low intrinsic noise $(1.9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{rad}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}∕\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}})$, and it can potentially be applied to study general relativity, Earth science, and to improve global positioning systems (GPS).