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Journal of Chinese Inertial Technology

Analysis on thermal noise in superfluid quantum interference gyroscope

Zheng Xie

Published Jan 1, 2012• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Thermal noise is closely related with steady state and resolution of superfluid gyroscope.In this paper,the thermal noise model of superfluid gyroscope was established by using the standard deviation of superfluid's phase difference across the weak link.Based on this model,the impacts of thermal noise on Josephson oscillation effect and gyroscope's resolution were analysed,and the ways to suppress the thermal noise were studied.Simulation results show that,by increasing the number of aperture to thousands and setting the temperature and aperture's diameter to 2.169 K and 70 nm respectively,the thermal noise can be suppressed to the order of 10-9 rad/(s?Hz1/2),then the gyroscope has the ability to detect very small angular velocity.

Related papers

Research on the Noises of Superfluid Matter Wave Interference Gyroscope

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Gyroscope accuracy is closely related to its noise.To develop a novel superfluid matter wave interference gyroscope with high accuracy,its noise should be studied systematically.First,according to the generating mechanism of gyroscope noise,its origins are analyzed.The noise types are classified as thermal,locking value fluctuation,temperature fluctuation,frequency fluctuation and detecting element noise.Then,based on the mathematic model of each noise,the gyroscope noise is analyzed by utilizing some common parameters.The results show that thermal noise is relevant to the gyroscope structure parameter and working parameter,but is irrelevant to detected angular velocity.Locking fluctuation noise is only relevant to structure parameter;the other noises are all related to structure parameter,working parameter and detected angular velocity.Detecting element,frequency and locking value fluctuation noises are the primary factors that contribute to gyroscope output noise.In the range of the changing value of angular velocity,the gyroscope output noise changes nonlinearly with arange from the order of-7 to-6 in 1 Hz bandwidth.

Acta Aeronautica Et Astronautica Sinica•Jan 1, 2013•0 citations

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The spin-exchange relaxation-free atomic gyroscope, with its exceptionally high theoretical precision, demonstrates immense potential to become the next-generation strategic-grade gyroscope. However, due to technological noise, there is still a significant gap between its actual precision and theoretical precision. This study identifies the key factor limiting the precision of the SERF gyroscope as coupling noise. By optimizing the detection loop structure, a distinction between the dual-axis signals' response to optical and magnetic fields was achieved—where the optical errors responded similarly, while the response to magnetic noise was opposite. Based on the differences in the optical-magnetic response of the dual-axis signals, empirical mode decomposition was used to decompose the dual-axis gyroscope signals into multiple intrinsic mode functions, and Allan deviation analysis was applied to analyze the noise characteristics of the intrinsic mode functions over various periods. This study successfully reveals that optical errors caused by thermal-optical coupling and long-period magnetic noise induced by thermal-magnetic coupling are the dominant factors limiting the long-term stability of the SERF gyroscope. Based on these analyses, the study concludes that to achieve strategic-grade precision for the SERF gyroscope, it is essential to effectively address the noise issues caused by multi-physical field couplings.

Defence Technology•Apr 26, 2025•17 citations
Thermal noise is closely related with steady state and resolution of superfluid gyroscope.In this paper,the thermal noise model of superfluid gyroscope was established by using the standard deviation of superfluid's phase difference across the weak link.Based on this model,the impacts of thermal noise on Josephson oscillation effect and gyroscope's resolution were analysed,and the ways to suppress the thermal noise were studied.Simulation results show that,by increasing the number of aperture to thousands and setting the temperature and aperture's diameter to 2.169 K and 70 nm respectively,the thermal noise can be suppressed to the order of 10-9 rad/(s?Hz1/2),then the gyroscope has the ability to detect very small angular velocity.
Gyroscope accuracy is closely related to its noise.To develop a novel superfluid matter wave interference gyroscope with high accuracy,its noise should be studied systematically.First,according to the generating mechanism of gyroscope noise,its origins are analyzed.The noise types are classified as thermal,locking value fluctuation,temperature fluctuation,frequency fluctuation and detecting element noise.Then,based on the mathematic model of each noise,the gyroscope noise is analyzed by utilizing some common parameters.The results show that thermal noise is relevant to the gyroscope structure parameter and working parameter,but is irrelevant to detected angular velocity.Locking fluctuation noise is only relevant to structure parameter;the other noises are all related to structure parameter,working parameter and detected angular velocity.Detecting element,frequency and locking value fluctuation noises are the primary factors that contribute to gyroscope output noise.In the range of the changing value of angular velocity,the gyroscope output noise changes nonlinearly with arange from the order of-7 to-6 in 1 Hz bandwidth.
We reexamine mass flow in a superfluid gyroscope containing a superfluid Josephson weak link. We introduce a frequency-dependent hydrodynamic inductance to account for an oscillatory flow of the normal fluid component in the sensing loop. With this hydrodynamic inductance, we derive the thermal phase noise, and hence the thermal rotational noise of the gyroscope. We examine the thermodynamic stability of the system based on an analysis of the free energy. We derive a quantum phase noise, which is analogous to the zero-point motion of a simple harmonic oscillator. The configuration of the studied gyroscope is analogous to a conventional superconducting RF SQUID. We show that the gyroscope has very low intrinsic noise $(1.9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{rad}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}∕\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}})$, and it can potentially be applied to study general relativity, Earth science, and to improve global positioning systems (GPS).
In this paper, the physical mechanism of the cryogenic superfluid gyroscope based on AC Josephson effect are analyzed , meanwhile, the implementation of the cryogenic superfluid gyroscope was brought up and the advantage of the sensitivity of the gyroscope is proved by theoretical derivation.A method to expand the measurement range based on amplitude locking technology are proposed ,according to the problems of the insufficient range existing in the implementation of the cryogenic superfluid gyroscope based on AC Josephson effect when the information of corresponding angular velocity is extracted.Achievements of the study will be valuable reference to the simulation of cryogenic superfluid gyroscope.
This paper derives the principle of the photon-entangled fiber gyro’s optical path, simulates and compares the effect of the rotation angle of the half-wave plate (HWP) optical axis on the output state quantum interference efficiency, and performs a simulation analysis of the polarization entanglement error in the photon-entangled fiber gyro. It is proven that the rotation angle of the half-wave plate’s optical axis has a significant impact on the quantum interference efficiency, with the maximum quantum interference efficiency corresponding to a half-wave plate optical axis rotation angle of 22.5°. When there is a deviation in the rotation angles of the two half-wave plates, it does not lead to non-reciprocal phase errors.Still, it lowers quantum interference efficiency and increases measurement difficulty. Excessive errors in the rotation angle of the half-wave plate’s optical axis may reduce the accuracy performance of the gyroscope. The polarization error generated by the entire optical path may lead to the inability to break through the shot noise limit (SNL), and in the case of existing background noise, the polarization error has a more severe impact on the accuracy of the entangled gyroscope.
Motivated by recent experiments we study the influence of thermal noise on the phase slips in toroidal Bose-Einstein condensates with a rotating weak link. We derive a generalized Arrhenius-like expression for the rate of stochastic phase slips. We develop a method to estimate the energy barrier separating different superflow states. The parameters at which the energy barrier disappears agree with the critical parameters for deterministic phase slips obtained from dynamics simulations, which confirms the validity of our energetic analysis. We reveal that adding thermal noise lowers the phase-slip threshold. However, the quantitative impact of the stochastic phase slips turns out to be too small to explain the significant discrepancy between theoretical and the experimental results.
The spin-exchange relaxation-free atomic gyroscope, with its exceptionally high theoretical precision, demonstrates immense potential to become the next-generation strategic-grade gyroscope. However, due to technological noise, there is still a significant gap between its actual precision and theoretical precision. This study identifies the key factor limiting the precision of the SERF gyroscope as coupling noise. By optimizing the detection loop structure, a distinction between the dual-axis signals' response to optical and magnetic fields was achieved—where the optical errors responded similarly, while the response to magnetic noise was opposite. Based on the differences in the optical-magnetic response of the dual-axis signals, empirical mode decomposition was used to decompose the dual-axis gyroscope signals into multiple intrinsic mode functions, and Allan deviation analysis was applied to analyze the noise characteristics of the intrinsic mode functions over various periods. This study successfully reveals that optical errors caused by thermal-optical coupling and long-period magnetic noise induced by thermal-magnetic coupling are the dominant factors limiting the long-term stability of the SERF gyroscope. Based on these analyses, the study concludes that to achieve strategic-grade precision for the SERF gyroscope, it is essential to effectively address the noise issues caused by multi-physical field couplings.